A Multicenter Trial Evaluation of the Fibrin/Fibrinogen Degradation Products Test for Detection and Monitoring of Bladder Cancer

Abstract

This simple, rapid (less than 7 minutes) point of care test is superior to conventional urine cytology and hemoglobin dipstick as an aid in the detection of bladder cancer.

Quantitative evaluation of telomerase subunits in urine as biomarkers for noninvasive detection of bladder cancer

“…On the other hand, our findings may reflect common practice, since a recent meta-analysis showed that the overall sensitivity of cytology can range as low as 34% with a detection rate of 64% for high-grade carcinomas. 11 Moreover, similar results have been reported in multicenter prospective studies, 50,51 thus providing a high level of evidence. In our study, cytology was superior to telomerase-based tests in terms of specificity.…”

Assessment of Fibrin–Fibrinogen Degradation Products (Accu–Dx) Test in Bladder Cancer Patients

“…In higher stages and grades, Accu–Dx had higher positive rates (p<0.001). Although this statement seems to be contradictory to the study performed by Schmetter et al [8]who concluded that FDP test sensitivity is less affected by stage and grade, the same observation was noted in other reports [12, 13]. …”

“…The original multicenter study to evaluate the FDP test demonstrated an overall sensitivity of 68%, specificity of 80% for patients with bladder cancer and was found to be superior over urinary cytology [8]. In two other comparative studies of clinical tests for bladder cancer screening, the FDP test was reported to be superior to the BTA test, urine cytology and hemoglobin dipstick with sensitivity rates of 48 and 81% while specificity rates were reported as 48 and 75% [12, 13].…”

“…Then, urokinase produced by the kidneys and plasminogen activators produced by the tumor cells convert plasminogen to plasmin. The plasmin breaks down the fibrin clot and fibrinogen into FDPs that are released into the urine [8]. …”

Development of a Novel Proteomic Approach for the Detection of Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder in Urine

“…The bladder tumor antigen, 4 the bladder tumor antigen stat, 5 the fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products, 6 and the nuclear matrix protein-22 tests, 3,7 have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration to be used in conjunction with cystoscopy. Additional molecular assays currently being evaluated for their diagnostic/prognostic utility 2,3,8,9 are the Telomerase, 10 Immunocyt, 11 and hyaluronic acid/hyaluronidase 12,13 tests, microsatellite analysis, 14 as well as assays detecting blood group antigens, 15 carcinoembryonic antigen, 16 p53 and retinoblastoma proteins, 3 E cadherin, 17,18 and various growth factors.…”