A multicenter randomized controlled trial of a plant-based nutrition program to reduce body weight and cardiovascular risk in the corporate setting: the GEICO study

Mishra, Suruchi; Xu, Jin; Agarwal, Ulka; Gonzales, J.; Levin, Susan; Barnard, Neal D.

doi:10.1038/ejcn.2013.92

Cited by 202 publications

(270 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…After reviewing full text, 42 articles were excluded because they did not meet the study inclusion criteria (eg, studies without randomization, studies with nonrelated outcomes, articles from the same study, reviews, replies to comments). Ultimately, 11 studies were included in quantitative synthesis 16, 17, 18, 19, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Six studies were conducted in North America (all in the United States16, 17, 19, 24, 27, 28), 4 were conducted in Europe (2 in Finland18, 26 and 1 each in Sweden29 and the Czech Republic30), and 1 was conducted in Oceania (Australia25). The sample sizes ranged from 11 to 291, with a total of 832 participants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mean BMI of participants varied from 24.0 to 35.0, and mean age at baseline ranged from 28.0 to 56.2 years. Five trials were performed in participants with higher cardiovascular risk factors such as overweight17, 28 or type 2 diabetes 19, 27, 30. Several participants in 3 studies used lipid‐lowering medication 19, 27, 30.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several participants in 3 studies used lipid‐lowering medication 19, 27, 30. Among these 11 studies, 7 included a vegan diet,16, 17, 18, 19, 26, 27, 29 2 included a lacto‐ovovegetarian diet,25, 28 and 2 included a lactovegetarian diet 24, 30. The average duration of intervention was 24 weeks (ranging from 3 weeks to 18 months).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blinding of outcome assessment was not mentioned in any of the studies. Only 4 studies were analyzed on an intention‐to‐treat basis 17, 19, 28, 30. In 3 studies, not all of the concentrations listed in the methods were reported 24, 27, 28.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Vegetarian Diets on Blood Lipids: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Wang

Zheng

Yang

et al. 2015

JAHA

256

187

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BackgroundVegetarian diets exclude all animal flesh and are being widely adopted by an increasing number of people; however, effects on blood lipid concentrations remain unclear. This meta‐analysis aimed to quantitatively assess the overall effects of vegetarian diets on blood lipids.Methods and ResultsWe searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, ISI Web of Knowledge, and the Cochrane Library through March 2015. Studies were included if they described the effectiveness of vegetarian diets on blood lipids (total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride). Weighted mean effect sizes were calculated for net changes by using a random‐effects model. We performed subgroup and univariate meta‐regression analyses to explore sources of heterogeneity. Eleven trials were included in the meta‐analysis. Vegetarian diets significantly lowered blood concentrations of total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and non–high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the pooled estimated changes were −0.36 mmol/L (95% CI −0.55 to −0.17; P<0.001), −0.34 mmol/L (95% CI −0.57 to −0.11; P<0.001), −0.10 mmol/L (95% CI −0.14 to −0.06; P<0.001), and −0.30 mmol/L (95% CI −0.50 to −0.10; P=0.04), respectively. Vegetarian diets did not significantly affect blood triglyceride concentrations, with a pooled estimated mean difference of 0.04 mmol/L (95% CI −0.05 to 0.13; P=0.40).ConclusionsThis systematic review and meta‐analysis provides evidence that vegetarian diets effectively lower blood concentrations of total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and non–high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. Such diets could be a useful nonpharmaceutical means of managing dyslipidemia, especially hypercholesterolemia.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Effects of Vegetarian Diets on Blood Lipids: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Wang

Zheng

Yang

et al. 2015

JAHA

256

187

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Automated Behavioral Workplace Intervention to Prevent Weight Gain and Improve Diet

et al. 2021

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Key Points Question Can an automated intervention using workplace cafeteria purchasing data to provide personalized feedback and nudges prevent weight gain and improve dietary choices? Findings In this randomized clinical trial of 602 employees at a single hospital site, the 1-year automated intervention did not prevent weight gain. The intervention group significantly increased healthy cafeteria purchases during the 1-year intervention, and this was sustained during 1-year of additional follow-up. Meaning These findings suggest that an automated intervention using food purchasing data improved workplace food choices over 2 years, but dietary changes did not prevent weight gain.

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Vegetarian Dietary Patterns and Cardiometabolic Risk in People With or at High Risk of Cardiovascular Disease

Wang,

Kroeger,

Cassidy

et al. 2023

JAMA Netw Open

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IMPORTANCEPlant-based diets are known to improve cardiometabolic risk in the general population, but their effects on people at high risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain inconclusive.OBJECTIVETo assess the association of vegetarian diets with major cardiometabolic risk factors, including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and body weight in people with or at high risk of CVDs.DATA SOURCESThis meta-analysis was registered before the study was conducted. Systematic searches performed included Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and CENTRAL from inception until July 31, 2021.STUDY SELECTIONEligible randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that delivered vegetarian diets in adults with or at high risk of CVDs and measured LDL-C, HbA1c or SBP were included. Of the 7871 records screened, 29 (0.4%; 20 studies) met inclusion criteria.DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESISTwo reviewers independently extracted data including demographics, study design, sample size, and diet description, and performed risk of bias assessment. A random-effects model was used to assess mean changes in LDL-C, HbA1c, SBP, and body weight. The overall certainty of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESMean differences between groups in changes (preintervention vs postintervention) of LDL-C, HbA1c, and SBP; secondary outcomes were changes in body weight and energy intake.RESULTSTwenty RCTs involving 1878 participants (range of mean age, 28-64 years) were included, and mean duration of intervention was 25.4 weeks (range, 2 to 24 months). Four studies targeted people with CVDs, 7 focused on diabetes, and 9 included people with at least 2 CVD risk factors. Overall, relative to all comparison diets, meta-analyses showed that consuming vegetarian diets for an average of 6 months was associated with decreased LDL-C, HbA1c, and body weight by 6.6 mg/dL (95% CI, −10.1 to −3.1), 0.24% (95% CI, −0.40 to −0.07), and 3.4 kg (95% CI, −4.9 to −2.0), respectively, but the association with SBP was not significant (−0.1 mm Hg; 95% CI, −2.8 to 2.6). The GRADE assessment showed a moderate level of evidence for LDL-C and HbA1c reduction.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEIn this study, consuming a vegetarian diet was associated with significant improvements in LDL-C, HbA1c and body weight beyond standard therapy in individuals at high risk of CVDs. Additional high-quality trials are warranted to further elucidate the effects of healthy plant-based diets in people with CVDs.

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A multicenter randomized controlled trial of a plant-based nutrition program to reduce body weight and cardiovascular risk in the corporate setting: the GEICO study

Cited by 202 publications

References 34 publications

Effects of Vegetarian Diets on Blood Lipids: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Effects of Vegetarian Diets on Blood Lipids: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Automated Behavioral Workplace Intervention to Prevent Weight Gain and Improve Diet

Vegetarian Dietary Patterns and Cardiometabolic Risk in People With or at High Risk of Cardiovascular Disease

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