“…The reason for the difference in 137 Cs distribution between the models with and without tidal forcing is that enhanced vertical mixing by tides retards the 137 Cs dilution. These retardations of offshore material transport and dilution due to the coastal flows, small eddies, and tides are consistent with the findings of previous studies [7,8,14]. Figure 9 shows the area-averaged surface K e , depth-averaged vertical velocity variance, and depthintegrated 137 Cs concentration variance averaged over the area displayed in Figures 4-8 intensifies oceanic fluctuations and the resultant mixing, while the ROMS-L2 (w/tide) results show the contribution of tidal forcing.…”