A Multi-Timescale Bilinear Model for Optimization and Control of HVAC Systems with Consistency

Abstract

Reducing the energy consumption of the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems while ensuring users’ comfort is of both academic and practical significance. However, the-state-of-the-art of the optimization model of the HVAC system is that either the thermal dynamic model is simplified as a linear model, or the optimization model of the HVAC system is single-timescale, which leads to heavy computation burden. To balance the practicality and the overhead of computation, in this paper, a multi-timescale bilinear model of HVAC systems is proposed. To guarantee the consistency of models in different timescales, the fast timescale model is built first with a bilinear form, and then the slow timescale model is induced from the fast one, specifically, with a bilinear-like form. After a simplified replacement made for the bilinear-like part, this problem can be solved by a convexification method. Extensive numerical experiments have been conducted to validate the effectiveness of this model.

Emerging trends in direct air capture of CO2: a review of technology options targeting net-zero emissions

“…245 The necessity to provide fresh indoor air, especially during and aer COVID-19, 246 and the rising energy demands, challenge researchers to reduce energy losses in the HVAC systems. 247 Minimizing energy demands in buildings can be achieved in two ways: increasing the efficiency of the HVAC system (inside uses) or capturing the lost energy to be used for valuable purposes (outside uses). 247,248 The building energy management systems (BEMS) were used to decrease energy consumption in HVAC systems based on the classications shown in Fig.…”

“…247 Minimizing energy demands in buildings can be achieved in two ways: increasing the efficiency of the HVAC system (inside uses) or capturing the lost energy to be used for valuable purposes (outside uses). 247,248 The building energy management systems (BEMS) were used to decrease energy consumption in HVAC systems based on the classications shown in Fig. 13.…”

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“…Based on the first law of thermodynamics, rising energy demand, global warming, energy shortage, and the necessity of providing fresh air, particularly after COVID 19, makes reducing energy loss a significant challenge [6]. The reduction of energy loss leads to developing a new strategy that arranges the use of energy, and, most importantly, ensures that power, which would otherwise have been lost, is made use of and provides benefits [7].…”

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