“…Machine learning methods have been applied to various association discovery tasks (Zou et al, 2018;Peng et al, 2019;Shen et al, 2022;Wu et al, 2022;Yu et al, 2022;Lin et al, 2023a;Peng et al, 2023a;Peng et al, 2023b;Peng et al, 2024b;Han et al, 2023;Liu and Zhang, 2023;Qi and Zou, 2023;Xiong et al, 2023;Xu et al, 2024;Zhang et al, 2024). Consequently, machine learning algorithms have been broadly applied in LDA prediction, for example, collaborative filtering (Yu et al, 2019), graph regularization (Liu et al, 2020;, matrix factorization (Fu et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2020;Xi et al, 2022), heterogeneous graph learning framework, (Cao et al, 2023), and ensemble learning models (Peng et al, 2022a).…”