A multi-strategy linear discriminant analysis (LDA) method coupled with laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) for discriminating the geographical origin of nephrite

Abstract

The geographical origins were discriminated of nephrites from seven origins in three countries using LA-ICP-MS coupled with three different linear discriminant analysis strategies, the traditional One-off, One-Versus-Rest and One-Versus-One.

Determination of Geographic Origin of Turquoise by Combining Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Analysis and Chemometrics

“…Researchers have employed LA-ICP-MS in a number of studies to identify and trace the geographic origins of gemstones by analyzing their constituent elements. Specifically, LA-ICP-MS has been successfully implemented in the multi-element analyses of minerals, including ruby, sapphire, diamond, topaz, precious corals, and emerald, aiming for mineral origin identification and differentiation [29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. Combined with linear discriminant analysis, LA-ICP-MS has an effective ability for source division on nephrite and demantoid garnets [30,31].…”

“…Specifically, LA-ICP-MS has been successfully implemented in the multi-element analyses of minerals, including ruby, sapphire, diamond, topaz, precious corals, and emerald, aiming for mineral origin identification and differentiation [29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. Combined with linear discriminant analysis, LA-ICP-MS has an effective ability for source division on nephrite and demantoid garnets [30,31]. When using a nonlinear machine learning algorithm, the geographical source of emerald was distinguished blindly [32].…”