A Multi-step Thermodynamic Model for Alumina Formation during Aluminum Deoxidation in Fe–O–Al Melt

Thermodynamic insight into the growth of calcia inclusions at the nanoscale: the case of Fe–O–Ca melt

“…Hence, it can be suggested that the thermodynamic equilibrium of Ca-deoxidaiton reaction in liquid iron has a close relationship with the metastable phase, such as dissolved associated compound Ca-O, nano-CaO etc. Wang et al 22,38,39 reported that the deoxidation thermodynamics in liquid iron have a close relationship with the structures and properties of deoxidaiton products, and suggested that the deoxidizers react with dissolved oxygen in molten steel to form various metastable intermediates at rst, and then the metastable intermediates transform into stable crystal inclusion. Wasai et al 40 and Zhao et al 41 found nanoscale inclusions in deoxidation experiments by ultra-rapid cooling process.…”

“…It was reported that there is a close relationship between the thermodynamic properties and the size of deoxidation product particles. 22,23 The products of metal deoxidation reaction in liquid iron in most case could be stable and metastable inclusions. 22,23 Therefore, the difference of thermodynamics for Cadeoxidation in liquid iron may be caused by the size effect of inclusion product.…”

“…22,23 The products of metal deoxidation reaction in liquid iron in most case could be stable and metastable inclusions. 22,23 Therefore, the difference of thermodynamics for Cadeoxidation in liquid iron may be caused by the size effect of inclusion product. Nano-calcia is the intermediate product of the crystallization for bulk calcia inclusion during Cadeoxidation process.…”

Thermodynamic Modelling on Nanoscale Growth of Magnesia Inclusion in Fe-O-Mg Melt

“…Why the equilibrium constants obtained by various researchers are different to each other? Some researchers suggested that the thermodynamic properties of inclusions have a close relationship with its size [23][24][25][26][27]. Wasai et al [24] indicated that the interfacial free energy between nano-inclusions and liquid iron increased with the increasing of the inclusion size, and the Gibbs free energy change of deoxidation reaction has a close relationship with the size change of inclusion.…”

Nucleation and growth for magnesia inclusion in Fe–O–Mg melt

“…Zong et al 25 reported that the nucleation pathway which derives from a variety of metastable structures in earlier crystal nucleation stages was stronger than the classical pathway. Wang et al [26][27][28] also suggested that the formation of inclusions in molten steel follows a two-step nucleation mechanism. Firstly, the deoxidizers react with the dissolved oxygen in molten steel to form various intermediate phase, and then the intermediate phase transform into the stable crystal. The thermodynamics about intermediate phase of magnesia (MgO) n is useful to reveal the mechanism on Mg-deoxidation nucleation in liquid iron.…”