A multi-stage cascade use of wood composite boards.

Lübke, Henrich; Ihnát, Vladimír; Kuňa, Vladimír; Balberčák, Jozef

doi:10.37763/wr.1336-4561/65.5.843854

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Wood recycling in the form of cascade wood utilization provides a new perspective on using post-use wood [ 25 ]. It contributes to saving raw materials and thus binds carbon monoxide for longer in the atmosphere, slowing climate warming [ 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Multiple Mechanical Recycling of Particleboards on Their Selected Mechanical and Physical Properties

Wronka

Kowaluk

2022

Materials

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This is a bridge between circular economy issues and wood-based panels technology, especially particleboards. Because these composites contain a significant amount of non-wood raw material (10–12% thermoset resin, high hardness laminates, among others), their mechanical recycling leads to an uncontrollable reduction in produced particle size. This problem can be especially significant since the particleboards can be intended for multiple recycling due to the shortening of their service life. This research aimed to produce particles in the cycle of multiple re-milling particleboards and evaluate the selected properties of the produced particles and particleboards. Thus, the response to the following scientific problem can be given: what factors qualitatively and quantitatively influence the properties of the particleboards produced by multi-re-milled particles? The novelty of this research is the approach to recycling the raw materials from particleboards in fully controlled conditions, providing the characterization of produced particles and producing particleboards with close-to-industrial parameters, and, finally, evaluating the features of produced particleboards in the light of raw materials used. The results confirmed that subsequent mechanical recycling of particleboards, where the other panels are made entirely of second-milling particles, leads to an unprofitable and unacceptable reduction in the mechanical properties of the panels. The physical parameters, such as thickness swelling and water absorption, are improved, but this can be the result of increased content of chemical ingredients, which negatively influence the hygienic features of panels (emission of formaldehyde and total volatile organic compounds—TVOC). Further research should be directed towards estimating the optimal addition of mechanically recycled particles to particleboard production.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Multiple Mechanical Recycling of Particleboards on Their Selected Mechanical and Physical Properties

Wronka

Kowaluk

2022

Materials

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“…In 2019, the annual global production of wood-based composites was estimated to be 357 million m 3 , which represents an increase of 268% compared to 1980 [ 4 ]. The possibilities to reduce the increased consumption of wood raw materials include recycling of waste wood-based panels at the end of their life cycle [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ], utilization of alternative raw materials [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ], and use of waste lignocellulosic materials [ 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-Friendly Fiberboard Panels from Recycled Fibers Bonded with Calcium Lignosulfonate

et al. 2021

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The potential of using residual softwood fibers from the pulp and paper industry for producing eco-friendly, zero-formaldehyde fiberboard panels, bonded with calcium lignosulfonate (CLS) as a lignin-based, formaldehyde free adhesive, was investigated in this work. Fiberboard panels were manufactured in the laboratory by applying CLS addition content ranging from 8% to 14% (on the dry fibers). The physical and mechanical properties of the developed composites, i.e., water absorption (WA), thickness swelling (TS), modulus of elasticity (MOE), bending strength (MOR), as well as the free formaldehyde emission, were evaluated according to the European norms. In general, only the composites, developed with 14% CLS content, exhibited MOE and MOR values, comparable with the standard requirements for medium-density fiberboards (MDF) for use in dry conditions. All laboratory-produced composites demonstrated significantly deteriorated moisture-related properties, i.e., WA (24 h) and TS (24 h), which is a major drawback. Noticeably, the fiberboards produced had a close-to-zero formaldehyde content, reaching the super E0 class (≤1.5 mg/100 g), with values, ranging from 0.8 mg/100 g to 1.1 mg/100 g, i.e., equivalent to formaldehyde emission of natural wood. The amount of CLS adhesive had no significant effect on formaldehyde content.

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“…The production of medium-density fiberboard (MDF) and high-density fiberboard (HDF) panels, with a total global production of more than 105 million m 3 in 2019, is the second largest worldwide, preceded only by plywood manufacturing [ 3 ]. The transition to circular, low-carbon bioeconomy, growing environmental concerns, and strict legislation related to emission of harmful volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as free formaldehyde from wood-based panels, have posed new requirements related to the development of environmentally friendly wood-based panels [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ], optimization of lignocellulosic resources [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ], and use of alternative raw materials [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of High-Density Fiberboard Bonded with Urea–Formaldehyde Resin and Ammonium Lignosulfonate as a Bio-Based Additive

et al. 2021

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The potential of ammonium lignosulfonate (ALS) as an eco-friendly additive to urea–formaldehyde (UF) resin for manufacturing high-density fiberboard (HDF) panels with acceptable properties and low free formaldehyde emission was investigated in this work. The HDF panels were manufactured in the laboratory with very low UF resin content (4%) and ALS addition levels varying from 4% to 8% based on the mass of the dry wood fibers. The press factor applied was 15 s·mm−1. The physical properties (water absorption and thickness swelling), mechanical properties (bending strength, modulus of elasticity, and internal bond strength), and free formaldehyde emission were evaluated in accordance with the European standards. In general, the developed HDF panels exhibited acceptable physical and mechanical properties, fulfilling the standard requirements for HDF panels for use in load-bearing applications. Markedly, the laboratory-produced panels had low free formaldehyde emission ranging from 2.0 to 1.4 mg/100 g, thus fulfilling the requirements of the E0 and super E0 emission grades and confirming the positive effect of ALS as a formaldehyde scavenger. The thermal analyses performed, i.e., differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), also confirmed the main findings of the research. It was concluded that ALS as a bio-based, formaldehyde-free adhesive can be efficiently utilized as an eco-friendly additive to UF adhesive formulations for manufacturing wood-based panels under industrial conditions.

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A multi-stage cascade use of wood composite boards.

Cited by 12 publications

References 8 publications

The Influence of Multiple Mechanical Recycling of Particleboards on Their Selected Mechanical and Physical Properties

The Influence of Multiple Mechanical Recycling of Particleboards on Their Selected Mechanical and Physical Properties

Eco-Friendly Fiberboard Panels from Recycled Fibers Bonded with Calcium Lignosulfonate

Properties of High-Density Fiberboard Bonded with Urea–Formaldehyde Resin and Ammonium Lignosulfonate as a Bio-Based Additive

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