A Multi Response Optimization of Tool Pin Profile on the Tensile Behavior of Age-hardenable Aluminum Alloys during Friction Stir Welding

Hybrid multi-response optimization of friction stir spot welds: failure load, effective bonded size and flash volume as responses

“…(5) The embedded Taguchi parametric design into the hybrid multi-response optimization process helps in minimizing the overall cost of experimentation by providing an optimum solution with minimum experimental runs. (6) The confirmation test validated the use of hybrid multi-response TM-GRA-PCA approach in improving weld quality (reduced ejected flash, maximized FL and bonded size) and optimizing the welding parameters. 7The EBS of conical pin welds is limited or reduced by the presence of inevitable hook curve/path.…”

“…Friction stir spot welding (FSSW) is an eco-friendly or green solid-state joining process that has the capacity of eliminating the conventional fusion welding problems of low-density alloys like aluminium, copper, titanium, magnesium and even metal matrix composites [1]. As such, the predominant weldability problems of fusion welding of aluminium alloys, such as thermal shrinkages and distortion, weld porosity or internal voids [2][3][4][5], alloy segregation, formation of brittle inter-dendritic structure [6], microfissuring and hot cracking [4,7], evaporation of strengthening or alloying elements [8], solidification stress corrosion and pitting corrosion, can be efficiently reduced or eliminated with the application of FSSW process. Consequently, FSSW has become a desirable and widely accepted fabrication technology that has found its application in industries like automotive, aerospace and aviation, and high-speed train manufacturing [2].…”

Influence of process parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welds of AA2014 and AA6063 aluminium alloys using response surface methodology

“…Also, by increasing the speed of welding and rotating speed of the tool, heat input increases which affect the mechanical strength. Vijayan and Rao (2014) performed FSW on AA 2024 and AA 6061 plates to maximize % elongation and ultimate strength using a suitable FSW pin profile identified that increase in tool speed improves the joints tensile strength whereas square pin design increases the elongation and tensile strength. Ilangovan et al (2015) during FSW of AA6061 and AA5086 with straight, threaded and taper cylindrical tool profile observed that contribution of threaded pin for the better fusion of materials among these alloys are good and produces flawless weld zone resulting in extreme strength and hardness attributed to the formation of fine grains and intermetallics.…”