A multi-probe thermophoretic soot sampling system for high-pressure diffusion flames

Vargas, Alex M.; Gülder, Ömer L.

doi:10.1063/1.4947509

Cited by 27 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The samples need also be transferred out of the chamber for further analysis after each collection, which may involve time-consuming depressurization and re-pressurization procedures. To address this issue, Vargas and Gülder [509] developed a multi-probe sampling system housed inside the pressure chamber including a circular sampling disk with ten extent-adjustable probe arms. A motor drive with programmable control unit determines which probe is used and the circular velocity of the sampling arm-and thus the sampling time.…”

Section: Thermophoretic Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, research interest has gradually shifted towards pre-vaporized liquid fuels such as ethanol [785], C6 hydrocarbon and oxygenated species [21], n-heptane [486,786,787] and n-decane [445]. The effects of pressure on soot properties other than SVF were also tackled, using light scattering [69] and/or thermophoretic sampling [509]. This section is intended to complement the review on coflow high-pressure flames in 2012 [107] by examining soot formation in high-pressure CDFs.…”

Section: Effects Of Pressure On Soot Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soot formation in laminar counterflow flames

Wang

Chung

2019

Progress in Energy and Combustion Science

341

116

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Many practical soot-emitting combustion systems such as diesel and jet engines rely on diffusion flames for efficient and reliable operation. Efforts to mitigate soot emissions from these systems are dependent on fundamental understanding of the physicochemical pathways leading from fuel to soot in laminar diffusion flames. Existing diffusion flame−based soot studies focused primarily on overventilated coflow flame where the fuel gas (or vapor) issues from a cylindrical tube into a co-flowing oxidizer, and counterflow flame, where a reacting zone is established between two opposing streams of fuel and oxidizer. As a canonical diffusion flame configuration, laminar counterflow diffusion flames have been widely used as a highly controllable environment for soot research, enabling significant progress in the understanding of soot formation for several decades. In view of the possibility of fuel/oxidizer premixing in practical systems, counterflow partially premixed flames have also been studied. In the present work we intend to provide a comprehensive review of the researches on various aspects of soot formation utilizing counterflow flames. Major processes of soot formation (formation of gas phase soot precursors, soot inception and surface reactions, as well as particle-particle interactions) are examined first, with focus on the most recent (post-2010) research progress. Experimental techniques and associated challenges for the measurement of soot-related properties (some knowledge of which is helpful for full appreciation of the experimental data to be reviewed) are then introduced. This is followed by a detailed description of soot evolution in counterflow flames, which is complemented by a discussion on the similarity and differences of the sooting structures between counterflow and coflow diffusion flames. Parametric studies of the effects of fuel molecular structure, fuel additive, partial-premixing, pressure, temperature, stoichiometric mixture fraction, and residence time on soot formation in counterflow flames will then be addressed in detail. This review concludes with a summary of the knowledge and challenges gathered and demonstrated through decades of research, and an outlook on opportunities for future counterflow flame−based soot research towards a more complete understanding of soot formation and the development of novel techniques for soot mitigation in practical combustion devices.

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Section: Thermophoretic Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Pressure On Soot Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soot formation in laminar counterflow flames

Wang

Chung

2019

Progress in Energy and Combustion Science

341

116

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“…For collecting soot samples thermophoretically, we used a high-pressure combustion chamber capable of stabilizing laminar diffusion flames on a coflow burner. The high-pressure combustion chamber, housing the burner and the integrated thermophoretic soot sampling system, used for this work, has been described previously in detail , and only a brief description is provided here. The high-pressure combustion chamber was designed to operate at pressures up to 110 bar, with an internal diameter and height of 24 and 60 cm, respectively.…”

Section: Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The details of the sampling system and the burner assembly are shown in the blow-out view on the right. Illustration adapted with permission from ref .…”

Section: Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman Spectroscopy of Soot Sampled in High-Pressure Diffusion Flames

et al. 2017

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The effect of pressure on soot particle nanostructure has been investigated by Raman spectroscopy. For the first time soot samples produced in a set of coflow methane–air laminar diffusion flames stabilized in a high-pressure combustion chamber, and collected by thermophoresis, have been analyzed to obtain chemical/structural information. The first-order Raman spectra of soot particles collected at several elevated pressures have been analyzed and compared. As a result, within the investigated range of pressures, i.e., from 10 to 20 bar, our measurements show that soot nanostructure does not depend on the pressure conditions. Changes in soot nanostructure were only observed as a function of flame residence time. The results herein presented are particularly relevant by considering the importance of nanostructure on the soot reactivity toward oxidation and on the fact that soot from practical combustion devices is mostly produced at high pressure.

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“…The University of Toronto designed a sophisticated system with a multi-probe architect [3] which is driven by a stepper motor, where multiple samples can be taken at different intervals of time. This configuration has precision control with a sampling residue time of 2.6ms, which is also capable of collecting 10 samples in a single run.…”

Section: Multi-probe Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Of A Thermophoretic Sampling System To Collect Soot From Flames

Chinnam¹

2021

Preprint

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<div><b>Project Objective</b></div><div>Design a thermophoretic sampling system and purchase all required material and equipment for the design.</div><div><br></div><div><b>Methodology to be Adopted</b></div><div>Study the systems available in the market and design the most effective and cost-efficient system. It includes studying different motors and associated components that are available in the market and selecting the right components to suit the purpose.</div><div><br></div><div><b>Brief Summary of the Project</b></div><div>The report discusses the planning phase of the project to the end of the design phase along with a few suggestions for a further scope of work. This project includes choosing the best system to design with-in the few well-known existing models such as the multi-probe system, pneumatic and electric linear motor system, amongst others. After considering multiple factors, an electric linear motor configuration architect was chosen for the design. The secondary research is to find the right motor (stator), slider, servo drive, trailing chain cable, power supply, lubricant, USB interface converter, tweezer, set screw, washer, thin hex nut, gasket sealant and a novel designed tweezer holder according to the design requirement and fabrication ease. The major objective of the design is to achieve an ultra-high-speed stroke with a residue time as little as 3ms to 100ms for collecting soot from different flames. Another novel highlight of the project was the TEM mesh (micro-grid) holder using a tweezer and an in-house designed tweezer holder. All the required purchase orders are placed for the components needed for designed thermophoretic sampling device. </div>

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A multi-probe thermophoretic soot sampling system for high-pressure diffusion flames

Cited by 27 publications

References 37 publications

Soot formation in laminar counterflow flames

Soot formation in laminar counterflow flames

Raman Spectroscopy of Soot Sampled in High-Pressure Diffusion Flames

Design Of A Thermophoretic Sampling System To Collect Soot From Flames

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