A multi-pathway exposure assessment for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons among residents in the Athabasca oil sands region, Canada

Zhan, Faqiang; Parajulee, Abha; Binnington, Matthew J.; Gawor, Anya; Wania, Frank

doi:10.1039/d2em00526c

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…As we learn from parent PAHs, diet typically accounts for at least 90% of their intake among nonsmoking adults, while exposure via air, water, and soil contributes only ∼4% to the total dose of carcinogenic PAHs. However, in regions with significant atmospheric PAH pollution, such as Beijing, China, dietary contribution can be less (∼70%) . The overall potential dose of carcinogenic PAHs for adult males who are nonsmokers is estimated to be about 3 μg/day at the median and 15 μg/day at the maximum .…”

Section: Identification and Occurrences Of Pah Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in regions with significant atmospheric PAH pollution, such as Beijing, China, dietary contribution can be less (∼70%). 49 The overall potential dose of carcinogenic PAHs for adult males who are nonsmokers is estimated to be about 3 μg/day at the median and 15 μg/day at the maximum. 50 In studies examining nonsmoking male university students, it was found that the amount of 1-OHP, which is an exposure biomarker of PAHs, excreted in urine was strongly associated with dietary PAH exposure but not with inhalation exposure.…”

Section: Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Systematic Review of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Derivatives: Occurrences, Levels, Biotransformation, Exposure Biomarkers, and Toxicity

Peng,

Dong,

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) derivatives constitute a significant class of emerging contaminants that have been ubiquitously detected in diverse environmental matrixes, with some even exhibiting higher toxicities than their corresponding parent PAHs. To date, compared with parent PAHs, fewer systematic summaries and reanalyses are available for PAH derivatives with great environmental concerns. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the chemical species, levels, biotransformation patterns, chemical analytical methods, internal exposure routes with representative biomarkers, and toxicity of PAH derivatives, primarily focusing on nitrated PAHs (NPAHs), oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs), halogenated PAHs (XPAHs), and alkylated PAHs (APAHs). A collection of 188 compounds from four categories, 44 NPAHs, 36 OPAHs, 56 APAHs, and 52 XPAHs, has been compiled from 114 studies that documented the environmental presence of PAH derivatives. These compounds exhibited weighted average air concentrations that varied from a lower limit of 0.019 pg/m3 to a higher threshold of 4060 pg/m3. Different analytical methods utilizing comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOF-MS), gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS), comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC × GC-QQQ-MS), and Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), that adopted untargeted strategies for the identification of PAH derivatives are also reviewed here. Additionally, an in-depth analysis of biotransformation patterns for each category is provided, including the likelihood of specific biotransformation reaction types. For the toxicity, we primarily summarized key metabolic activation pathways, which could result in the formation of reactive metabolites capable of covalently bonding with DNA and tissue proteins, and potential health outcomes such as carcinogenicity and genotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation and immunotoxicity, and developmental toxicity that might be mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Finally, we pinpoint research challenges and emphasize the need for further studies on identifying PAH derivatives, tracking external exposure levels, evaluating internal exposure levels and associated toxicity, clarifying exposure routes, and considering mixture exposure effects. This review aims to provide a broad understanding of PAH derivatives’ identification, environmental occurrence, human exposure, biotransformation, and toxicity, offering a valuable reference for guiding future research in this underexplored area.

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Section: Identification and Occurrences Of Pah Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Derivatives: Occurrences, Levels, Biotransformation, Exposure Biomarkers, and Toxicity

Peng,

Dong,

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…1,2 Pb exposure occurs by eating, inhalation, cutaneous absorption, and transplacental absorption. 3,4 Globally, Pb exposure remains a significant public health concern, particularly in low and middle income countries. According to the World Health Organization, 5 Pb exposure contributes to approximately 540 000 mortality every year, with the highest number in sub-Saharan Africa due to environmental pollution from mining, industrial activities, and use of Pb-containing products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ripe Musa sapientum Peels Exhibit Neuroprotection Against Lead Acetate-Induced Brain Damage in Wistar Rats

Inwang,

Ben,

Uchewa

et al. 2024

Natural Product Communications

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Objective: Human health has continued to be at risk from lead exposure. This study explored the antioxidative potential of ethanol extract of ripe Musa sapientum peels to protect against lead acetate-induced neuronal insult in female wistar rats. Methods: Thirty adult female rats (120-160 g) were randomly divided into six groups (n = 5): Group 1 (control group) received 10 mL/kg of distilled water; Group 2 received 100 mg/kg lead acetate. Group 3 received 2.5 mg/kg of donepezil. Groups 4 to 6 received 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg ethanol extract of ripe M sapientum, respectively, via oral gavage. Groups 2 to 5 were co-treated with 100 mg/kg lead acetate for 21 days. Neurobehavioral parameter, biochemical and histological analyses of the hippocampus were determined. Recognition memory was evaluated using Novel Object Recognition Test. Results: There was a significant ( p < 0.05) increase in total exploration, discrimination index, and percentage alternation in the ethanol extract M sapientum-treated groups compared with the lead acetate-induced group. M sapientum ethanol extract and dopamine significantly ( p < 0.05) reduced acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) and malondialdehyde (MDA) activities in a dose-dependent manner and significantly ( p < 0.05) increased superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) dose dependently, respectively. In the histopathological analysis of the hippocampal area, there were mild vacuolation (V), mild degeneration as well as mild granular cell atrophy in the treated groups, suggesting that M sapientum may have neuroprotective properties. Conclusion: Ethanol extract of ripe M sapientum peels enhanced cognitive functions and may be beneficial in preventing neurodegenerative disorders via antioxidant mechanism.

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Application of supervised learning classification modeling for predicting benthic sediment toxicity in the southern California bight: A test of concept

Saleh

Otim

2023

Science of The Total Environment

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A multi-pathway exposure assessment for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons among residents in the Athabasca oil sands region, Canada

Abstract: Due to increasing emissions from ongoing development of the oil sands in northern Alberta, Canada, there is concern that local residents and organisms are experiencing elevated exposures to hazardous contaminants....

Cited by 3 publications

References 64 publications

A Systematic Review of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Derivatives: Occurrences, Levels, Biotransformation, Exposure Biomarkers, and Toxicity

A Systematic Review of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Derivatives: Occurrences, Levels, Biotransformation, Exposure Biomarkers, and Toxicity

Ripe Musa sapientum Peels Exhibit Neuroprotection Against Lead Acetate-Induced Brain Damage in Wistar Rats

Application of supervised learning classification modeling for predicting benthic sediment toxicity in the southern California bight: A test of concept

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