“…Therefore, this study employed another joint inversion method [38,39]: First, the simultaneous inversion of velocity and density was conducted to obtain better velocity parameters and worse density parameters. Then, the velocity obtained in the first step and the initial density were used in the second step as the initial model for velocity and density to conduct another simultaneous inversion.…”
Inspired by the large number of applications for symmetric nonlinear equations, an improved full waveform inversion algorithm is proposed in this paper in order to quantitatively measure the bone density and realize the early diagnosis of osteoporosis. The isotropic elastic wave equation is used to simulate ultrasonic propagation between bone and soft tissue, and the Gauss–Newton algorithm based on symmetric nonlinear equations is applied to solve the optimal solution in the inversion. In addition, the authors use several strategies including the frequency-grid multiscale method, the envelope inversion and the new joint velocity–density inversion to improve the result of conventional full-waveform inversion method. The effects of various inversion settings are also tested to find a balanced way of keeping good accuracy and high computational efficiency. Numerical inversion experiments showed that the improved full waveform inversion (FWI) method proposed in this paper shows superior inversion results as it can detect small velocity–density changes in bones, and the relative error of the numerical model is within 10%. This method can also avoid interference from small amounts of noise and satisfy the high precision requirements for quantitative ultrasound measurements of bone.
“…Therefore, this study employed another joint inversion method [38,39]: First, the simultaneous inversion of velocity and density was conducted to obtain better velocity parameters and worse density parameters. Then, the velocity obtained in the first step and the initial density were used in the second step as the initial model for velocity and density to conduct another simultaneous inversion.…”
Inspired by the large number of applications for symmetric nonlinear equations, an improved full waveform inversion algorithm is proposed in this paper in order to quantitatively measure the bone density and realize the early diagnosis of osteoporosis. The isotropic elastic wave equation is used to simulate ultrasonic propagation between bone and soft tissue, and the Gauss–Newton algorithm based on symmetric nonlinear equations is applied to solve the optimal solution in the inversion. In addition, the authors use several strategies including the frequency-grid multiscale method, the envelope inversion and the new joint velocity–density inversion to improve the result of conventional full-waveform inversion method. The effects of various inversion settings are also tested to find a balanced way of keeping good accuracy and high computational efficiency. Numerical inversion experiments showed that the improved full waveform inversion (FWI) method proposed in this paper shows superior inversion results as it can detect small velocity–density changes in bones, and the relative error of the numerical model is within 10%. This method can also avoid interference from small amounts of noise and satisfy the high precision requirements for quantitative ultrasound measurements of bone.
“…step 1: Initialize the contrast source S j,0 and contrast function c 0 using equation (44) and equations (32)- (34), respectively. step 2: Compute the incident wavefield w j inc with equation (5).…”
Section: Algorithm Repertoires and Computational Complexity Analysismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the second stage, the inverted P-wave velocity, S-wave velocity in the first phase is employed as their corresponding background media. The motivation for employing the two-phase inversion strategy is from the reference [43,44]. The authors have pointed out that simultaneous inversion in the first phase could provide reasonable acoustic velocity and deviated density, and both the acoustic velocity and density are reconstructed well in second phase inversion by using the reverted velocity as the initial model of velocity.…”
Section: Reconstructions In Inhomogeneous Background Mediamentioning
In this work, we extend the finite-difference contrast source inversion (FD-CSI) method to the frequency-domain elastic wave equations, where the parameters describing the subsurface structure are simultaneously reconstructed. The FD-CSI method is an iterative nonlinear inversion method, which exhibits several strengths. First, the finite-difference operator only relies on the background media and the given angular frequency, both of which are unchanged during inversion. Therefore, the matrix decomposition is performed only once at the beginning of the iteration if a direct solver is employed. This makes the inversion process relatively efficient in terms of the computational cost. In addition, the FD-CSI method automatically normalizes different parameters, which could avoid the numerical problems arising from the difference of the parameter magnitude. We exploit a parallel implementation of the FD-CSI method based on the domain decomposition method, ensuring a satisfactory scalability for large-scale problems. A simple numerical example with a homogeneous background medium is used to investigate the convergence of the elastic FD-CSI method. Moreover, the Marmousi II model proposed as a benchmark for testing seismic imaging methods is presented to demonstrate the performance of the elastic FD-CSI method in an inhomogeneous background medium.
“…Seismic wave velocity and medium density are important for the lithology interpretation and reservoir description [4,5]. To obtain as many geophysical parameters of underground media as possible, multi-parameter FWI has become an urgent need [6][7][8]. Multi-parameter FWI is a highly nonlinear and ill-posed problem, which is prone to local minimums [9].…”
The multi-parameter full waveform inversion (FWI) that integrates velocity and density can make full use of the kinematic and dynamic information of the measured data to reconstruct the underground model. However, it faces problems of crosstalk between multiple parameters and strong nonlinearity. This research proposes a multi-constrained, multi-parameter FWI framework based on the projected quasi-Newton algorithm. This framework can introduce multiple types of prior geological information, which can effectively improve the problem of multi-parameter inversion. Additionally, the quasi-Newton method can eliminate the crosstalk phenomenon to further improve the inversion convergence speed. Taking the 1994BP model as an example, the results show that the projected quasi-Newton method has a faster convergence speed than the spectral projected gradient method, and reduces the crosstalk between parameters; multiple constraint sets are uniquely projected onto the intersection to ensure that the estimated values of model parameters meet multiple constraints. We also experiment with the overthrust model, which shows that the framework we proposed can improve the inversion accuracy and has good adaptability. The proposed multi-parameter inversion framework can be compatible with more prior information to obtain an inversion model that conforms to geological understanding and shows great potential in seismic exploration.
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