A Multi-Mode Multi-Band Reconfigurable Power Amplifier for 2G/3G/4G Handset Applications

Abstract

Fully-integrated multi-mode multi-band (MMMB) reconfigurable power amplifier (PA) is implemented using single PA-cores for high-and low-frequency bands, respectively. This PA has five output paths and covers quad-band Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying/Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution and penta-band Universal Mobile Telecommunications System/Long Term Evolution mode operation with band combination in a small form-factor. To optimize the PA, the proposed structure reconfigures the PA-core cells as well as the interstage/output matching network. When compared with the single-mode single-band dedicated PAs, the fabricated PA showed comparable RF performance for all modes and bands, except for PAE degradations of 3.1% and 1.9% for high-and low-band, respectively, thus validating the usefulness of the proposed structure for MMMB PA applications.Index Terms-Multi-band, multi-mode, penta-band UMTS/ LTE, quad-band GMSK/EDGE, reconfigurable power amplifier (PA), single PA-core.

Nonlinear Distortion Noise and Linear Attenuation in MIMO Systems—Theory and Application to Multiband Transmitters

“…For σ 2 1u = σ 2 2u = 0, we get from (28) and (24) that A Q, = A + A k ; furthermore comparing (30) and (25) we see that…”

“…3 shows the simulated noise variance of channel 1 vs σ 2 1 for the simulations 1, 2, and 3 (LS). Also shown is V 11 as determined from (21) and (25), respectively. We plot the analytical V 11 + σ 2 n , since it corresponds to the covariance of the simulated data.…”

“…The output signals at different center frequencies are downconverted separately in the receivers and such transmitters are therefore analyzed as MIMO systems. Concurrent dual or multiband transmitters are used in telecommunication [25] and wireless sensor networks [26], [27] applications. In these transmitters multiple signals go through the same nonlinear device.…”

Reconfigurable RF Components for Multifunction RF Systems

“…Waveform-agile PAs allow the active devices to operate efficiently at varying power levels or signal PAPRs, maintaining favorable conditions through techniques including adaptive bias [2], reconfigurable output [3] or interstage [4] matching networks, or combinations of these techniques [5]. Architectures such as Doherty and ET PAs can also support waveform-agility, particularly when made reconfigurable through bias control [2,6].…”

“…Although primarily used in CMOS PAs [4,5], power scaling through reconfigurable device periphery has been demonstrated at AFRL in GaN. Theoretically, increasing the device periphery by 2x will increase output power by 3 dB, and when combined with drain supply variation, a total of 10 dB power scaling is achievable.…”