A multi-locus analysis of phylogenetic relationships within cheilostome bryozoans supports multiple origins of ascophoran frontal shields

Knight, Sarah; Gordon, Dennis P.; Lavery, Shane

doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.07.005

Cited by 27 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In the standard test we calculate the marginal likelihood of H 0 by using an absolute monophyly constraint on Hydroporus as an informed topology prior, whereas the marginal likelihood of H 1 was calculated from an unconstrained analysis with an uninformative prior across topology space. This is the approach taken in many empirical studies (e.g., Lavoué et al 2007; Marek and Bond 2007; Parker et al 2007; Azuma et al 2008; Yamanoue et al 2008; Pavlicev et al 2009; Tank and Olmstead 2009; Makowsky et al 2010; Yang et al 2010; Knight et al 2011). In our preferred Bayes factor test we calculate the marginal likelihood of the alternative hypotheses after specifying equally informed priors (constraints) on the topology (Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bayesian statistics includes several tools for comparing and testing models, and they have been applied to the testing of tree hypotheses in a number of recent papers (e.g., Lavoué et al 2007; Marek and Bond 2007; Parker et al 2007; Azuma et al 2008; Rabeling et al 2008; Yamanoue et al 2008; Pavlicev et al 2009; Tank and Olmstead 2009; Zakharov et al 2009; Makowsky et al 2010; Yang et al 2010; Kelly et al 2011; Knight et al 2011; Schweizer et al 2011; Drummond et al 2012; Miller and Bergsten 2012). However, it is quite difficult to formulate relevant hypotheses about tree structure, and Bayes factor tests, as commonly applied in the literature, can be quite misleading.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Bayesian Tests of Topology Hypotheses with an Example from Diving Beetles

2013

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We review Bayesian approaches to model testing in general and to the assessment of topological hypotheses in particular. We show that the standard way of setting up Bayes factor tests of the monophyly of a group, or the placement of a sample sequence in a known reference tree, can be misleading. The reason for this is related to the well-known dependency of Bayes factors on model-specific priors. Specifically, when testing tree hypotheses it is important that each hypothesis is associated with an appropriate tree space in the prior. This can be achieved by using appropriately constrained searches or by filtering trees in the posterior sample, but in a more elaborate way than typically implemented. If it is difficult to find the appropriate tree sets to be contrasted, then the posterior model odds may be more informative than the Bayes factor. We illustrate the recommended techniques using an empirical test case addressing the issue of whether two genera of diving beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae), Suphrodytes and Hydroporus, should be synonymized. Our refined Bayes factor tests, in contrast to standard analyses, show that there is strong support for Suphrodytes nesting inside Hydroporus, and the genera are therefore synonymized. [Bayes factor; Coleoptera; Dytiscidae; marginal likelihood; model testing; posterior odds; reversible-jump MCMC; stepping-stone sampling.]

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Bayesian Tests of Topology Hypotheses with an Example from Diving Beetles

2013

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“…Here, we instead follow Marcus () who divided the living Gymnolaemata into Eurystomata (marine or rarely freshwater, with a normal mesodermal layer at the cystid wall and uncalcified or calcified cystid) and Cyclostomata (marine, with the cystid mesoderm detached as a membranous sac and a calcified cystid, the only representatives of the old group Stenolaemata surviving the Ordovician–Triassic extinction; Ernst & Schäfer, ). The name Eurystomata is not used in several more recent studies, which however leaves some clades unnamed (Knight et al, ; Waeschenbach et al, ). According to Marcus (), the Eurystomata comprises Ctenostomata (with uncalcified cystid) and Cheilostomata (with calcified cystid), although the Cheilostomata are resolved as an ingroup of the Ctenostomata, becoming paraphyletic in some studies (Fuchs et al, ; Waeschenbach et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The neuromuscular system of the cyclostome bryozoan Crisia eburnea (Linnaeus, 1758)

2018

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The cyclostome bryozoans constitute an old and divergent group of bryozoans, whose muscle and nervous systems are poorly known. The entire neuromuscular system of the cyclostome Crisia eburnea is here mapped with phalloidin, DAPI and antibodies directed against acetylated α‐tubulin and serotonin. Innervation of most muscles as well as the ganglion of C. eburnea is described, and several new details are reported, for example, on the additional and branched ectodermal muscles of the cystid, the presence of subtentacular muscles, the retractor muscles being distinctly striated and the presence of an additional pair of lateroabfrontal nerves in the proximal part of the tentacles. The serotonin‐like immunoreactivity in the nervous system of C. eburnea shares many features with those of the other bryozoans studied so far, which probably reflects a common ancestry of the neural architecture. However, the nervous system shows somewhat less complexity compared to that of the sister clade, Eurystomata, and contains fewer cells and nerves compared to the cyclostome Cinctipora which has much larger zooids and more than eight tentacles. No interzooidal neural connections were found in C. eburnea, which is in agreement with the individual response of the zooids.

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“…); development of frontal wall along with ascus and associated structures involved in lophophore extension within the infraorder Ascophorina (Knight et al . ); and larval characters across the classes Gymnolaemata, Phylactolaemata and Stenolaemata (Waeschenbach et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying monophyletic groups withinBugulasensu lato (Bryozoa, Buguloidea)

et al. 2015

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Species in the genus Bugula are globally distributed. They are most abundant in tropical and temperate shallow waters, but representatives are found in polar regions. Seven species occur in the Arctic and one in the Antarctic and species are represented in continental shelf or greater depths as well. The main characters used to define the genus include bird's head pedunculate avicularia, erect colonies, embryos brooded in globular ooecia and branches comprising two or more series of zooids. Skeletal morphology has been the primary source of taxonomic information for many calcified bryozoan groups, including the Buguloidea. Several morphological characters, however, have been suggested to be homoplastic at distinct taxonomic levels, in the light of molecular phylogenies. Our purpose was to investigate the phylogenetic interrelationships of the genus Bugula, based on molecular phylogenetics and morphology. A Bayesian molecular phylogeny was constructed using original and previously published sequences of the mitochondrial genes cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and the large ribosomal RNA subunit (16S). Morphological characteristics from scanning electron and light microscopy were used to confirm the clades detected by the molecular phylogeny. Our results suggest that the genus is composed of four clades, for which we provide diagnoses: Bugula sensu stricto (30 species), Bugulina (24 species), Crisularia (23 species) and the monotypic Virididentula gen. n. Ten species could not be assigned to any of those genera, so they remain as genus incertae sedis. Our findings highlight the importance of using molecular phylogenies in association with morphological characters in systematic revisions of bryozoan taxa.

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A multi-locus analysis of phylogenetic relationships within cheilostome bryozoans supports multiple origins of ascophoran frontal shields

Cited by 27 publications

References 31 publications

Bayesian Tests of Topology Hypotheses with an Example from Diving Beetles

Bayesian Tests of Topology Hypotheses with an Example from Diving Beetles

The neuromuscular system of the cyclostome bryozoan Crisia eburnea (Linnaeus, 1758)

Identifying monophyletic groups withinBugulasensu lato (Bryozoa, Buguloidea)

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