A Multi-Layer Security Scheme for Mitigating Smart Grid Vulnerability against Faults and Cyber-Attacks

Chen, Jian; Mohamed, Mohamed A.; Dampage, Udaya; Rezaei, Mostafa; Salmen, Saleh H.; Obaid, Sami Al; Annuk, Andres

doi:10.3390/app11219972

Cited by 36 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…[127] AMI A quantum key distribution-based secure key transmission is proposed for increasing the security of smart meters against cyber-attacks [128] Applicable to all A multi-layer protocol is proposed to enhance the cyber-security of SG applications.…”

Section: Sg Application Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain-Enabled Smart Grid Applications: Architecture, Challenges, and Solutions

et al. 2022

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The conventional electrical grid is undergoing substantial growth for reliable grid operation and for more efficient and sustainable energy use. The traditional grid is now metamorphosing into a smart grid (SG) that incorporates a diverse, heterogeneous blend of operating measures such as smart appliances, meters, and renewable energy resources. With better efficient results and dependability, the SG can be described as a modern electric power grid architecture. The SG is one of the greatest potential advances as a promising solution for the energy crisis. However, it is complex and its decentralization could be of tremendous benefit. Moreover, digitalization and integration of a large number of growing connections make it a target of cyber-attacks. In this sense, blockchain is a promising SG paradigm solution that offers several excellent features. There has been considerable effort put into using blockchains in the smart grid for its decentralization and enhanced cybersecurity; however, it has not been thoroughly studied in both application and architectural perspectives. An in-depth study was conducted on blockchain-enabled SG applications. Blockchain architectures for various applications, such as the synchrophasor applications, electric vehicles, energy management systems, etc., were proposed. The purpose of this article is to provide directions for future research efforts aimed at secure and decentralized SG applications using blockchain.

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Section: Sg Application Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain-Enabled Smart Grid Applications: Architecture, Challenges, and Solutions

et al. 2022

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“…On this basis, the FDI attack, by means of injecting incorrect information into the system as defined by ( 14), is launched, with an arbitrary performance targeted defined as in (15). Attack assessment is checked by constraint (16). In other words, assume that a system will reach an acceptable solution F given the injection of accurately measured data w t to the system model f () at time t, as shown in (14).…”

Section: The Cyber-attack Model Of the Fdi Typementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, the widespread blackouts in the United States made an impression on a vast number of customers. To avoid future repetition of such cases, grid operation must be examined from a vulnerability analysis perspective [16]. Such an analysis can help in the development of the weak and susceptible points in a system, protecting against all contingencies to establish an invulnerable grid [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Effective Hybrid-Energy Framework for Grid Vulnerability Alleviation under Cyber-Stealthy Intrusions

et al. 2022

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In recent years, the occurrence of cascading failures and blackouts arising from cyber intrusions in the underlying configuration of power systems has increasingly highlighted the need for effective power management that is able to handle this issue properly. Moreover, the growing use of renewable energy resources demonstrates their irrefutable comparative usefulness in various areas of the grid, especially during cascading failures. This paper aims to first identify and eventually protect the vulnerable areas of these systems by developing a hybrid structure-based microgrid against malicious cyber-attacks. First, a well-set model of system vulnerability indices is presented to indicate the generation unit to which the lines or buses are directly related. Indeed, we want to understand what percentage of the grid equipment, such as the lines, buses, and generators, are vulnerable to the outage of lines or generators arising from cyber-attacks. This can help us make timely decisions to deal with the reduction of the vulnerability indices in the best way possible. The fact is that employing sundry renewable resources in efficient areas of the grid can remarkably improve system vulnerability mitigation effectiveness. In this regard, this paper proposes an outstanding hybrid-energy framework of AC/DC microgrids made up of photovoltaic units, wind turbine units, tidal turbine units, and hydrogen-based fuel cell resources, all of which are in grid-connect mode via the main grid, with the aim to reduce the percentage of the system that is vulnerable. To clearly demonstrate the proposed solution’s effectiveness and ease of use in the framework, a cyber-attack of the false data injection (FDI) type is modeled and developed on the studied system to corrupt information (for instance, via settings on protective devices), leading to cascading failures or large-scale blackouts. Another key factor that can have a profound impact on the unerring vulnerability analysis concerns the uncertainty parameters that are modeled by the unscented transform (UT) in this study. From the results, it can be inferred that vulnerability percentage mitigation can be achieved by the proposed hybrid energy framework based on its effectiveness in the system against the modeled cyber-attacks.

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“…Environmental, organisational structure, society, administration and communication and corporate governance practises to prevent data theft, unfairness and work overload provide opportunity factors for employees to engage in data theft [111]. To solve this challenge, new cyber security procedures are needed to identify vulnerable locations in the smart grid and prevent power disruptions [112]. The data-driven approaches are ideal for complicated grids with large datasets.…”

Section: Big Data Analytics As Solutions To Achieve Sustainability In the Smart Gridmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Sustainable Aspects of Big Data Analytics for the Smart Grid

Kumar¹,

Kasinathan²,

Elavarasan

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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The role of energy is cardinal for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through the enhancement and modernization of energy generation and management practices. The smart grid enables efficient communication between utilities and the end- users, and enhances the user experience by monitoring and controlling the energy transmission. The smart grid deals with an enormous amount of energy data, and the absence of proper techniques for data collection, processing, monitoring and decision-making ultimately makes the system ineffective. Big data analytics, in association with the smart grid, enable better grid visualization and contribute toward the attainment of sustainability. The current research work deals with the achievement of sustainability in the smart grid and efficient data management using big data analytics, that has social, economic, technical and political impacts. This study provides clear insights into energy data generated in the grid and the possibilities of energy theft affecting the sustainable future. The paper provides insights about the importance of big data analytics, with their effects on the smart grids’ performance towards the achievement of SDGs. The work highlights efficient real-time energy data management involving artificial intelligence and machine learning for a better future, to short out the effects of the conventional smart grid without big data analytics. Finally, the work discusses the challenges and future directions to improve smart grid technologies with big data analytics in action.

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A Multi-Layer Security Scheme for Mitigating Smart Grid Vulnerability against Faults and Cyber-Attacks

Cited by 36 publications

References 54 publications

Blockchain-Enabled Smart Grid Applications: Architecture, Challenges, and Solutions

Blockchain-Enabled Smart Grid Applications: Architecture, Challenges, and Solutions

An Effective Hybrid-Energy Framework for Grid Vulnerability Alleviation under Cyber-Stealthy Intrusions

A Comprehensive Review on Sustainable Aspects of Big Data Analytics for the Smart Grid

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