A Multi-Informant Approach to Assessing Safety Behaviors among Adolescents: Psychometric Properties of the Subtle Avoidance Frequency Examination

Qasmieh, Noor; Makol, Bridget A.; Augenstein, Tara M.; Lipton, Melanie F.; Deros, Danielle E.; Karp, Jeremy N.; Keeley, Lauren M.; Truong, Michelle L.; Racz, Sarah J.; Reyes, Andres De Los

doi:10.1007/s10826-018-1040-5

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Specifically, when adolescents experience social anxiety, they often also experience concerns with other internalizing domains, such as depression (see Epkins and Heckler, 2011 ). Further, adolescents who experience social anxiety often also experience psychosocial impairments stemming from their anxiety, along with several anxiety-relevant processes including fears of negative evaluation, and as mentioned previously, avoidance behaviors (see also Karp et al, 2018 ; Qasmieh et al, 2018 ; De Los Reyes and Makol, 2019 ; De Los Reyes et al, 2019c ). Capitalizing on these common elements of adolescent social anxiety may optimize the precision of components assessed using the Satellite Model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…UUOs completed these same measures based on observations of the adolescents’ behavior during video recordings of the Unfamiliar Peer Paradigm. Extensive descriptions of each of the measures in our battery (i.e., psychometric properties, example items, response options) can be found in prior work (see Rausch et al, 2017 ; Deros et al, 2018 ; Karp et al, 2018 ; Qasmieh et al, 2018 ; De Los Reyes et al, 2019c ; Botkin et al, 2021 ; Rezeppa et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Informants indicate the frequency the different safety behaviors on a 5-point scale ranging from “1” to “5” with higher scores indicating higher levels of safety behaviors. Informants’ reports of adolescents on the SAFE display high levels of internal consistency (α > 0.80) and distinguish adolescents’ on referral status ( Thomas et al, 2012b ; Qasmieh et al, 2018 ; Rezeppa et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II; Beck et al, 1996 ) is a widely used measure of depressive symptoms. The measure was originally designed for use with participants aged 13 years and older, and recent work supports its psychometric properties when administered to adolescents (e.g., Rausch et al, 2017 ; Qasmieh et al, 2018 ; Glenn et al, 2019 ). Respondents rate items describing depressive symptoms (e.g., sadness, loss of interest, feelings of guilt) on a 4-point scale with higher scores indicating greater depressive symptoms.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, each of our measures consisted of either multi-item surveys of unidimensional constructs or ratings of adolescent behavior for which we calculated composite scores (i.e., of two independent observers’ ratings for each adolescent). Thus, consistent with prior work using these measures (e.g., Thomas et al, 2012b ; Deros et al, 2018 ; Qasmieh et al, 2018 ; Glenn et al, 2019 ), and to produce estimates to compare against prior work, we assessed the reliability of scores taken from these measures by calculating estimates of either internal consistency (Cronbach’s α for survey measures) or inter-rater reliability ( ICC s for independent observers’ ratings). We interpreted these calculations relative to conventions for α (e.g., Nunnally and Bernstein, 1994 ) and ICC s (e.g., Cicchetti, 1994 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrating multi-informant reports of youth mental health: A construct validation test of Kraemer and colleagues’ (2003) Satellite Model

et al. 2022

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Accurately assessing youth mental health involves obtaining reports from multiple informants who typically display low levels of correspondence. This low correspondence may reflect situational specificity. That is, youth vary as to where they display mental health concerns and informants vary as to where and from what perspective they observe youth. Despite the frequent need to understand and interpret these informant discrepancies, no consensus guidelines exist for integrating informants’ reports. The path to building these guidelines starts with identifying factors that reliably predict the level and form of these informant discrepancies, and do so for theoretically and empirically relevant reasons. Yet, despite the knowledge of situational specificity, few approaches to integrating multi-informant data are well-equipped to account for these factors in measurement, and those that claim to be well-positioned to do so have undergone little empirical scrutiny. One promising approach was developed roughly 20 years ago by Kraemer and colleagues (2003). Their Satellite Model leverages principal components analysis (PCA) and strategic selection of informants to instantiate situational specificity in measurement, namely components reflecting variance attributable to the context in which informants observe behavior (e.g., home/non-home), the perspective from which they observe behavior (e.g., self/other), and behavior that manifests across contexts and perspectives (i.e., trait). The current study represents the first construct validation test of the Satellite Model. A mixed-clinical/community sample of 134 adolescents and their parents completed six parallel surveys of adolescent mental health. Adolescents also participated in a series of simulated social interactions with research personnel trained to act as same-age, unfamiliar peers. A third informant (unfamiliar untrained observer) viewed these interactions and completed the same surveys as parents and adolescents. We applied the Satellite Model to each set of surveys and observed high internal consistency estimates for each of the six-item trait (α = 0.90), context (α = 0.84), and perspective (α = 0.83) components. Scores reflecting the trait, context, and perspective components displayed distinct patterns of relations to a battery of criterion variables that varied in the context, perspective, and source of measurement. The Satellite Model instantiates situational specificity in measurement and facilitates unifying conceptual and measurement models of youth mental health.

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