A multi-hop free space optical link based on a regenerative relay

Mirza, Jawad; Aljohani, Abdulah Jeza; Raza, Aadil; Iqbal, Saeed; Ghafoor, Salman

doi:10.1016/j.aej.2021.06.050

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Such a multihop link is shown transmitting 10 Gb/s over a turbulent channel in [34]. Further, All-Optical Regenerate and Forward (AORF) links are shown to significantly outperform All-Optical Amplify and Forward links (AOAF) in [36] and [37]. As can be observed, multihop FSO developments follow similar trends to multihop fiber links, and all the advantages of our model detailed above hold true for FSO links.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Interestingly, as typical multihop FSO links are only a few hops long, there have been interest in using all-regenerator (called decode and forward) link in FSO systems [35], [52]- [54]. Recently all-optical regenerators have also been introduced into multihop links [36], [37] too, which makes the analysis all the more relevant.…”

Section: B All Regenerator Link (3r)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Performance Limit Estimation Framework for Multihop Repeated/Regenerated Optical Links

Francis

Manivasakan

2022

IEEE Access

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We propose and demonstrate a generalized framework for performance limit evaluation and comparison of multihop optical repeated and regenerated links. The model developed is implementation agnostic and applies to multihop optical links of varied forms, including fiber, free space, and underwater links. The framework estimates the best-case performance gains of deploying an all-regenerative link over an all-repeater link for any given implementation. The implementation-independent technique is then illustrated using guided and free-space optical links. An abstract model is developed first with the evolution of signal, noise power, and bit error rate down the link compared and contrasted for both cases. The model is then evaluated using physical parameters for a typical fiber optic intensity-modulated direct detection link, and the obtained all-regenerator link performance advantage is translated to extra reach and lower transmission power requirements. Further, certain approximations are provided to reduce computational complexity and improve the analytical tractability of the procedure, which could be particularly helpful when employed in specialized hardware or for dynamic reconfiguration networks. Finally, the framework's versatility is established by employing it in analyzing an ideal free-space link and comparing amplify and forward links against decode and forward counterparts. Similar results are also reproduced on a commercial optical link simulation suite. Detailed literature on link analysis is provided for fiber, free space, and underwater links, bringing out their similarities. We conclude by elaborating on various current and emerging application domains and certain limitations of the proposed technique.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: B All Regenerator Link (3r)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Performance Limit Estimation Framework for Multihop Repeated/Regenerated Optical Links

Francis

Manivasakan

2022

IEEE Access

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“…The traditional solution is to deploy relays, such as amplify‐and‐forward (AF) relays, decode‐and‐forward (DF) relays and regenerate‐and‐forward (RF) relays [5] etc., between the transmitter and the receiver. In particular, AF and DF are the most classic relays.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beamforming design for max‐min SINR in RIS‐based hybrid relaying

Mao

et al. 2023

IET Communications

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Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) technology is regarded as one of the important technologies for future 6G mobile communication networks. However, RIS can only passively reflect signals, rather than actively process received signals like the traditional relay. Therefore, a hybrid decode‐and‐forward (DF) relay and RIS‐assisted multiple‐input single‐output (MISO) multiuser downlink communication system is considered to combine the advantages of both. Then the beamforming at the base station (BS), the DF relay, and the phase vector of the RIS elements is jointly designed, aiming at achieving max‐min signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio (SINR). Due to the non‐convexity caused by coupling between the beamforming vectors, the optimization problem is split into three semidefinite relaxation (SDR) sub‐problems, and then the alternate optimization method is adopted to solve the non‐convex problem. The numerical results verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed optimization algorithm in improving system performance compared with other benchmark schemes.

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“…The geometrical losses, pointing and tracking errors overshadows the FSO links' reliability, resultantly, reducing link range and the performance bit error rate (BER) [12]. In [13,14], the authors proposed optical relays and regenerative relays to mitigate atmospheric attenuation and turbulence-induced fading. Despite, these mitigation techniques, a hybrid FSO/RF parallel link is an excellent choice [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duplex Baseband Signal Transmission Over Free Space Optical Link Employing Carrier Reuse

Shamsi

2022

Preprint

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With increasing IoT and a plethora of multimedia applications being used, there is an ever-increasing demand for bandwidth-intensive applications. Communication networks employing optical fiber had been the de facto standard for such communication systems. The Optical Fiber network's high cost and man-hours required for laying demand wireless solutions. Therefore, an optimum and cost-effective duplex optical link for two channels baseband signal data transmission has been designed and validated using a single laser source. An optical link for 20 Gbps duplex data transmission is designed based upon single laser source utilization. A cost-efficient and simple design have been accomplished with a transmission distance of 1.5 km by utilizing Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (DQPSK) and On-Off Keying (OOK) modulation techniques. The design allowed us to recycle the downlink signal in uplink transmission over free Space, thus eradicating the requirement for a separate laser at the other end. Each channel's transmission data rate was 10 Gb/sec. At the former end, the DQPSK technique was employed for data modulation and the data was transmitted into free space. The data was then split at the latter end for downlink reception along with reusing the downlink received signal for uplink transmission to the former end utilizing the OOK modulation technique. The received data was compared with the transmitted one to verify and validate the system's accuracy through signal waveforms and BER (Bit Error Rate). The eye diagrams and the Bit error rate (BER) graphs of the received downlink and uplink signals over a duplex Free Space Optical (FSO) transmission link are discussed and presented.

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A multi-hop free space optical link based on a regenerative relay

Cited by 13 publications

References 24 publications

A Performance Limit Estimation Framework for Multihop Repeated/Regenerated Optical Links

A Performance Limit Estimation Framework for Multihop Repeated/Regenerated Optical Links

Beamforming design for max‐min SINR in RIS‐based hybrid relaying

Duplex Baseband Signal Transmission Over Free Space Optical Link Employing Carrier Reuse

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