A Multi‐Foci Metalens with Polarization‐Rotated Focal Points

Zang, Xiaofei; Ding, Hongzhen; Intaravanne, Yuttana; Chen, Lin; Peng, Yan; Xie, Jingya; Ke, Qinghong; Balakin, A. V.; Shkurinov, Alexander P.; Chen, Xianzhong; Zhu, Yiming; Zhuang, Songlin

doi:10.1002/lpor.201900182

Cited by 131 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The design of the silicon pillars is shown in Ref. , and the polarization conversion efficiency of the unit cell is given in Section S1 in the Supporting Information. The standard photolithography technology and DRIE (Bosch) process are applied to fabricate the metalens.…”

Section: Design and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarization‐Insensitive Metalens with Extended Focal Depth and Longitudinal High‐Tolerance Imaging

Zhu

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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lateral resolution [1][2][3] and in presbyopia treatment. [4,5] The reported approaches to realizing lenses with an extended focal depth, i.e., forward logarithmic axicons (FLAs), axilenses (AXLs), and light sword optical elements (LSOEs), are mainly based on radial modulation (RM) and angular modulation (AM). [6] However, the phase profiles for both RM-and AM-based lenses should continuously vary from 0 to 2π, indicating that the curvature surface of the designed element must smoothly vary to yield the desired phase, resulting in extreme difficulty in fabrication. Optical metasurfaces, the 2D counterparts of metamaterials, have opened up new avenues in manipulating the phase, amplitude, and polarization of light at subwavelength resolution. Benefiting from the unprecedented ability to manipulate the electromagnetic wavefront and ease of fabrication, a plethora of metalenses, such as dual-polarity plasmonic metalenses, [36] multifoci lenses, [37] multifunctional metalenses, [38] broadband achromatic metalenses, [39][40][41] and metalens arrays, [42] with novel functions that are challenging to achieve by using traditional lenses have been proposed and realized. In addition to the traditional metalens with a limited focal depth, the light sword metasurface lens [43] with an extended focal depth has been demonstrated. Although this approach tackles the technical challenge of fabrication of LSOEs, two intractable issues have to be urgently settled: (i) Metalenses have shown simultaneous extended focal depth and polarization-insensitive functionality.(ii) Imaging with high tolerance in the longitudinal direction has not yet been demonstrated. Although polarization-independent metalenses (with a limited focal range) have been demonstrated, [44][45][46] they are limited to high structural complexity or lose a degree of freedom in the design space. Here, we propose an approach to realize a polarization-insensitive metalens with an extended focal depth using anisotropic dielectric micropillars (geometric metasurfaces). Unlike polarization-dependent LSOEs with AM, [43] a polarization-insensitive terahertz (THz) AXL with RM is demonstrated in this paper. Under the illumination of arbitrarily polarized THz waves, this metalens shows a focal depth of ≈23λ along the propagation direction. Longitudinal high-tolerance imaging is experimentally demonstrated based on such a THz AXL. The polarization-insensitive metalens with a long focal depth may be of interest for a variety of practical applications, such as imaging, lithography, and detection.Lenses with an extended focal depth have crucial applications in highprecision optical alignment systems and optical disk readout systems. However, further development of lenses with an extended focal depth under radial and angular modulation is limited because of fabrication difficulties. Metasurfaces, 2D metamaterials, have shown unprecedented capabilities in the manipulation of the intensity, phase, and polarization of electromagnetic waves. Here, based on geometric metasurfaces, an a...

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Section: Design and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarization‐Insensitive Metalens with Extended Focal Depth and Longitudinal High‐Tolerance Imaging

Zhu

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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“…Compared with the conventional nanofabrication techniques such as EBL and FIB, which are required for the fabrication of metasurfaces, the DLW technique is able to in-situ fabricate lens in a single step. The attributes of large-scale, long working distance, high lateral resolution and desired longitudinal morphology constitute a milestone that optical manipulation, port-able microscope, parallel optical processing and highdensity optical data storage can be realized in an integrated setup without the requirement of bulky optical elements [43][44][45][46]48,61 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of super-resolved optical needle and multifocal array using graphene oxide metalenses

Wang¹,

Hao²,

Lin³

et al. 2021

OEA

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Ultrathin flat metalenses have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional diffractive lenses, offering new possibilities for myriads of miniaturization and interfacial applications. Graphene-based materials can achieve both phase and amplitude modulations simultaneously at a single position due to the modification of the complex refractive index and thickness by laser conversion from graphene oxide into graphene like materials. In this work, we develop graphene oxide metalenses to precisely control phase and amplitude modulations and to achieve a holistic and systematic lens design based on a graphene-based material system. We experimentally validate our strategies via demonstrations of two graphene oxide metalenses: one with an ultra-long (~16λ) optical needle, and the other with axial multifocal spots, at the wavelength of 632.8 nm with a 200 nm thin film. Our proposed graphene oxide metalenses unfold unprecedented opportunities for accurately designing graphene-based ultrathin integratable devices for broad applications.

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“…paved the way for the metasurfaces application well beyond wave‐ and classical optics. It has been recently demonstrated that their compact dimensions along with the unique ability to tailoring near‐field distribution and local density of states, the concept of geometric phase, [ 179–181 ] enhanced nonlinearity [ 182 ] and light–matter interactions, unusual scattering effects, [ 183 ] make metasurfaces an emerging platform for quantum optics applications.…”

Section: Advanced Nonreciprocal Materials: Wss Metamaterials Magnetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Up‐And‐Coming Advances in Optical and Microwave Nonreciprocity: From Classical to Quantum Realm

Kutsaev

Krasnok

Romanenko

et al. 2021

Advanced Photonics Research

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Reciprocity is a fundamental physical principle that roots in the time‐reversal symmetry of physical laws. It allows making predictions on any arbitrary complex system's response and operation and hence simplifies the analysis. However, there are many practical situations in which it is advantageous to break reciprocity, e.g., isolators preventing wave scattering back to lasers and generators, full‐duplex systems for multiplexing transmission and receiving in the same channel, nonreciprocal cavity excitation, and protection of fragile states of superconductor quantum computers from thermal noise. The most widespread approach to time‐reversal symmetry breaking and nonreciprocity based on magnetic field biasing suffers from bulkiness, cost ineffectiveness, and loss, motivating researchers and engineers to search for more practical approaches. Herein, the up‐and‐coming advances in optical nonreciprocity, including new materials (Weyl semimetals, topological insulators, metasurfaces), active structures, time‐modulation, parity‐time (PT)‐symmetry breaking, nonlinearity combined with a structural asymmetry, quantum nonlinearity, unidirectional gain and loss, chiral quantum states and valley polarization are overviewed. A general description of nonreciprocal systems is provided and the pros and cons of the mentioned approaches to nonreciprocity are discussed.

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A Multi‐Foci Metalens with Polarization‐Rotated Focal Points

Cited by 131 publications

References 57 publications

Polarization‐Insensitive Metalens with Extended Focal Depth and Longitudinal High‐Tolerance Imaging

Polarization‐Insensitive Metalens with Extended Focal Depth and Longitudinal High‐Tolerance Imaging

Generation of super-resolved optical needle and multifocal array using graphene oxide metalenses

Up‐And‐Coming Advances in Optical and Microwave Nonreciprocity: From Classical to Quantum Realm

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