A multi-decadal history of biomass burning plume heights identified using aerosol index measurements

Guan, Hong; Esswein, R.; Lopez, Jimena P.; Bergström, R. W.; Warnock, A.; Follette-Cook, M. B.; Fromm, M. D.; Iraci, L. T.

doi:10.5194/acp-10-6461-2010

Cited by 73 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…Pyro-convection during forest fires can inject particles into the UT/LMS. However such events are not frequent and none one of the events identified in Guan et al (2010) coincides with the eruptions studied here. Also no clearly elevated concentrations of K in excess of the ash concentration are seen in the samples, which would be expected from fires (Andreae et al, 1998).…”

Section: Carbonaceous Aerosol In Volcanic Cloudsmentioning

confidence: 48%

“…Especially aerosol from forest fires can be brought to high altitudes by extreme convection, however, the frequency and global contribution of such events is poorly understood (Fromm et al, 2004(Fromm et al, , 2008. Guan et al (2010) estimated that on average about six such events per year lead to injection of particles to altitudes above 8 km. With a frequency of one or a few events per year, volcanic eruptions contribute to stratospheric aerosol mass of similar magnitude as OCS does , and in a few events per century volcanism is by far the strongest source of stratospheric aerosol (Ammann et al, 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Composition and evolution of volcanic aerosol from eruptions of Kasatochi, Sarychev and Eyjafjallajökull in 2008–2010 based on CARIBIC observations

et al. 2013

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Large volcanic eruptions impact significantly on climate and lead to ozone depletion due to injection of particles and gases into the stratosphere where their residence times are long. In this the composition of volcanic aerosol is an important but inadequately studied factor. Samples of volcanically influenced aerosol were collected following the Kasatochi (Alaska), Sarychev (Russia) and also during the Eyjafjallajökull (Iceland) eruptions in the period 2008–2010. Sampling was conducted by the CARIBIC platform during regular flights at an altitude of 10–12 km as well as during dedicated flights through the volcanic clouds from the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in spring 2010. Elemental concentrations of the collected aerosol were obtained by accelerator-based analysis. Aerosol from the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic clouds was identified by high concentrations of sulphur and elements pointing to crustal origin, and confirmed by trajectory analysis. Signatures of volcanic influence were also used to detect volcanic aerosol in stratospheric samples collected following the Sarychev and Kasatochi eruptions. In total it was possible to identify 17 relevant samples collected between 1 and more than 100 days following the eruptions studied. The volcanically influenced aerosol mainly consisted of ash, sulphate and included a carbonaceous component. Samples collected in the volcanic cloud from Eyjafjallajökull were dominated by the ash and sulphate component (&sim;45% each) while samples collected in the tropopause region and LMS mainly consisted of sulphate (50–77%) and carbon (21–43%). These fractions were increasing/decreasing with the age of the aerosol. Because of the long observation period, it was possible to analyze the evolution of the relationship between the ash and sulphate components of the volcanic aerosol. From this analysis the residence time (1/e) of sulphur dioxide in the studied volcanic cloud was estimated to be 45 ± 22 days

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Section: Carbonaceous Aerosol In Volcanic Cloudsmentioning

confidence: 48%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition and evolution of volcanic aerosol from eruptions of Kasatochi, Sarychev and Eyjafjallajökull in 2008–2010 based on CARIBIC observations

et al. 2013

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“…Thick clouds obscure underlying UVbackscattering layers (Penning de Vries and Wagner, 2011), hence the enhanced AI here means the smoke is mixed with or situated above deep, opaque cloud tops. Double-digit AI values have been shown to be indicative of optically dense, high-altitude smoke plumes (Guan et al, 2010;Fromm et al, 2010). Hence the OMI AI and MODIS visible plus MODIS BT together indicate a substantial mass of smoke aerosols in the uppermost troposphere and tropopause region, injected by the Wollemi pyroCb.…”

Section: Novembermentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The AI is strategic for identifying smoke plumes in all background conditions including land, sea, even cloud. Guan et al (2010) have shown how the AI is used strategically for smoke-plume analyses. A-Train radar and lidar data used here are native 94 GHz reflectivity and attenuated 532 nm attenuated backscatter, respectively, as described in Mace et al (2006) and Vaughan et al (2004).…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrocumulonimbus pair in Wollemi and Blue Mountains National Parks, 22 November 2006

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et al. 2013

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“…Plume heights have been related to plume optical properties in both the tropics and extratropics: Guan et al (2010) found that for plumes less than 2 days old, plume height was strongly correlated with aerosol index, a measurement of the contribution of aerosols to UV scattering. Tosca et al (2011) characterize the seasonal and interannual distribution of occurrence, height, fire radiative power, and relationship to rainfall of fire-generated smoke plumes and clouds on Borneo and Sumatra from [2001][2002][2003][2004][2005][2006][2007][2008][2009].…”

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confidence: 99%

Tropical biomass burning smoke plume size, shape, reflectance, and age based on 2001–2009 MISR imagery of Borneo

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Land clearing for crops, plantations and grazing results in anthropogenic burning of tropical forests and peatlands in Indonesia, where images of fire-generated aerosol plumes have been captured by the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) since 2001. Here we analyze the size, shape, optical properties, and age of distinct fire-generated plumes in Borneo from [2001][2002][2003][2004][2005][2006][2007][2008][2009]. The local MISR overpass at 10:30 a.m. misses the afternoon peak of Borneo fire emissions, and may preferentially sample longer plumes from persistent fires burning overnight. Typically the smoke flows with the prevailing southeasterly surface winds at 3-4 m s −1 , and forms ovoid plumes whose mean length, height, and cross-plume width are 41 km, 708 m, and 27 % of the plume length, respectively. 50 % of these plumes have length between 24 and 50 km, height between 523 and 993 m and width between 18 % and 30 % of plume length. Length and cross-plume width are lognormally distributed, while height follows a normal distribution. Borneo smoke plume heights are similar to previously reported plume heights, yet Borneo plumes are on average nearly three times longer than previously studied plumes. This could be due to sampling or to more persistent fires and greater fuel loads in peatlands than in other tropical forests. Plume area (median 169 km 2 , with 25th and 75th percentiles at 99 km 2 and 304 km 2 , respectively) varies exponentially with length, though for most plumes a linear relation provides a good approximation. The MISR-estimated plume optical properties involve greater uncertainties than the geometric properties, and show patterns consistent with smoke aging. Optical depth increases by 15-25 % in the down-plume direction, consistent with hygroscopic growth and nucleation overwhelming the effects of particle dispersion. Both particle single-scattering albedo and top-of-atmosphere reflectance peak about halfway downplume, at values about 3 % and 10 % greater than at the origin, respectively. The initially oblong plumes become brighter and more circular with time, increasingly resembling smoke clouds. Wind speed does not explain a significant fraction of the variation in plume geometry. We provide a parameterization of plume shape that can help atmospheric models estimate the effects of plumes on weather, climate, and air quality. Plume age, the age of smoke furthest down-plume, is lognormally distributed with a median of 2.8 h (25th and 75th percentiles at 1.3 h and 4.0 h), different from the median ages reported in other studies. Intercomparison of our results with previous studies shows that the shape, height, optical depth, and lifetime characteristics reported for tropical biomass burning plumes on three continents are dissimilar and distinct from the same characteristics of non-tropical wildfire plumes.

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A multi-decadal history of biomass burning plume heights identified using aerosol index measurements

Cited by 73 publications

References 51 publications

Composition and evolution of volcanic aerosol from eruptions of Kasatochi, Sarychev and Eyjafjallajökull in 2008–2010 based on CARIBIC observations

Composition and evolution of volcanic aerosol from eruptions of Kasatochi, Sarychev and Eyjafjallajökull in 2008–2010 based on CARIBIC observations

Pyrocumulonimbus pair in Wollemi and Blue Mountains National Parks, 22 November 2006

Tropical biomass burning smoke plume size, shape, reflectance, and age based on 2001–2009 MISR imagery of Borneo

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