A multi‐dating approach applied to proglacial sediments attributed to the Most Extensive Glaciation of the Swiss Alps

Dehnert, Andreas; Preusser, Frank; Kramers, Jan D.; Akçar, Naki; Kubik, Peter W.; Reber, Regina; Schlüchter, Christian

doi:10.1111/j.1502-3885.2010.00146.x

Cited by 41 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Moreover, pollen-inferred historical climate indicates that maxima temperatures for interglacial stages in the Middle Pleistocene (0.780–0.120 Ma) were similar to the lowest values observed during the Late Pleistocene glacial period (0.115–0.018 Ma–[67]). In contrast, in the central Alps there is evidence of extensive glaciation during Riss (0.190–0.115 Ma–[68]) and Würm glaciation (0.115–0.018 Ma–[60]). Although the differentiation between main lineages is most likely to have begun in the Middle Pleistocene, haplotype divergence within main lineages probably occurred successively (Fig 4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeographic Insights into a Peripheral Refugium: The Importance of Cumulative Effect of Glaciation on the Genetic Structure of Two Endemic Plants

et al. 2016

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Quaternary glaciations and mostly last glacial maximum have shaped the contemporary distribution of many species in the Alps. However, in the Maritime and Ligurian Alps a more complex picture is suggested by the presence of many Tertiary paleoendemisms and by the divergence time between lineages in one endemic species predating the Late Pleistocene glaciation. The low number of endemic species studied limits the understanding of the processes that took place within this region. We used species distribution models and phylogeographical methods to infer glacial refugia and to reconstruct the phylogeographical pattern of Silene cordifolia All. and Viola argenteria Moraldo & Forneris. The predicted suitable area for last glacial maximum roughly fitted current known distribution. Our results suggest that separation of the major clades predates the last glacial maximum and the following repeated glacial and interglacial periods probably drove differentiations. The complex phylogeographical pattern observed in the study species suggests that both populations and genotypes extinction was minimal during the last glacial maximum, probably due to the low impact of glaciations and to topographic complexity in this area. This study underlines the importance of cumulative effect of previous glacial cycles in shaping the genetic structure of plant species in Maritime and Ligurian Alps, as expected for a Mediterranean mountain region more than for an Alpine region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeographic Insights into a Peripheral Refugium: The Importance of Cumulative Effect of Glaciation on the Genetic Structure of Two Endemic Plants

et al. 2016

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“…The analysis of cosmogenic 10 Be and 26 Al yielded burial ages of 0.68 þ0:23 À0:24 Ma for TDS at Bad Grö-nenbach and 2.35 þ1:08 À0:88 Ma for HDS at Böhener Feld. Later, Dehnert et al (2010) applied burial dating to the proglacial sediments of the Höhenschotter (HT) at two sites (Landiswil and Schöfftland) in the Alpine Foreland, attributed to an extensive middle Pleistocene glaciation. The analysis of cosmogenic 10 Be and 26 Al may indicate a maximum burial age of around 400 ka for this unit.…”

Section: Depth-profile Datingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The first major incision of the Swiss Deckenschotter landscape

et al. 2014

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The Swiss Deckenschotter (''cover gravels'') is the oldest Quaternary units in the northern Swiss Alpine Foreland. They are a succession of glaciofluvial gravel layers intercalated with glacial and/or overbank deposits. This lithostratigraphic sequence is called Deckenschotter because it ''covers'' Molasse or Mesozoic bedrock and forms mesa-type hill-tops. Deckenschotter occurs both within and beyond the extent of the Last Glacial Maximum glaciers. The Swiss Deckenschotter consist of two subunits: Höhere (Higher) and Tiefere (Lower) Deckenschotter. Although the Höhere Deckenschotter sub-unit (HDS) is topographically higher than the Tiefere Deckenschotter, it is older. The only available age for the Swiss Deckenschotter is 2.5-1.8 Ma based on mammal remains found in HDS at the Irchel site. In this study, we present an exposure age for the topographically lowest HDS, calculated from a cosmogenic 10 Be depth-profile. Our results show that the first phase of the Deckenschotter glaciations in the Swiss Alps terminated at least 1,020 þ80 À120 ka ago, which is indicated by a significant fluvial incision. This line of evidence seems to be close to synchronous with the beginning of the Mid-Pleistocene Revolution, when the frequency of the glacial-interglacial cyclicity changed from 41 to 100 ka and the amplitude from low to high, between marine isotope stages 23 and 22.

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“…However, while this method has been successfully used to date cave deposits in the Swiss Alps (Haeuselmann et al 2007), its reliability and accuracy for dating fluvial deposits from the alpine foreland leaves room for further improvement of the methodology (Häuselmann et al 2007;Dehnert et al 2010). Nevertheless, the potential in using cosmogenic nuclides for burial dating is important although this would require some methodological breakthroughs.…”

Section: Approaches To Constrain the Age Of Overdeepeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution, geometry, age and origin of overdeepened valleys and basins in the Alps and their foreland

2010

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Overdeepened valleys and basins are commonly found below the present landscape surface in areas that were affected by Quaternary glaciations. Overdeepened troughs and their sedimentary fillings are important in applied geology, for example, for geotechnics of deep foundations and tunnelling, groundwater resource management, and radioactive waste disposal. This publication is an overview of the areal distribution and the geometry of overdeepened troughs in the Alps and their foreland, and summarises the present knowledge of the age and potential processes that may have caused deep erosion. It is shown that overdeepened features within the Alps concur mainly with tectonic structures and/or weak lithologies as well as with Pleistocene ice confluence and partly also diffluence situations. In the foreland, overdeepening is found as elongated buried valleys, mainly oriented in the direction of former ice flow, and glacially scoured basins in the ablation area of glaciers. Some buried deeply incised valleys were generated by fluvial down-cutting during the Messinian crisis but this mechanism of formation applies only for the southern side of the Alps. Lithostratigraphic records and dating evidence reveal that overdeepened valleys were repeatedly occupied and excavated by glaciers during past glaciations. However, the age of the original formation of (non-Messinian) overdeepened structures remains unknown. The mechanisms causing overdeepening also remain unidentified and it can only be speculated that pressurised meltwater played an important role in this context.

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A multi‐dating approach applied to proglacial sediments attributed to the Most Extensive Glaciation of the Swiss Alps

Cited by 41 publications

References 60 publications

Phylogeographic Insights into a Peripheral Refugium: The Importance of Cumulative Effect of Glaciation on the Genetic Structure of Two Endemic Plants

Phylogeographic Insights into a Peripheral Refugium: The Importance of Cumulative Effect of Glaciation on the Genetic Structure of Two Endemic Plants

The first major incision of the Swiss Deckenschotter landscape

Distribution, geometry, age and origin of overdeepened valleys and basins in the Alps and their foreland

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