A Multi-Criteria Analysis and Trends of Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles

Abstract

The interest in electric traction has reached a very high level in recent decades; there is no doubt that electric vehicles have become among the main means of transport and will be the first choice in the future, but to dominate the market, a lot of research efforts are still devoted to this purpose. Electric machines are crucial components of electric vehicle powertrains. The bulk of traction drive systems have converged in recent years toward having some sort of permanent magnet machines because there is a growing trend toward enhancing the power density and efficiency of traction machines, resulting in unique designs and refinements to fundamental machine topologies, as well as the introduction of new machine classes. This paper presents the technological aspect of the different components of the electric powertrain and highlights the important information on the electric vehicle’s architecture. It focuses on a multi-criteria comparison of different electric motors utilized in the electric traction system to give a clear vision to allow choosing the adequate electrical motor for the desired application. The proposed comparative analysis shows that the induction motor better meets the major necessities of the electric powertrain, whereas the permanent magnet synchronous motor is nonetheless the most used by electric vehicle manufacturers.

Design and Analysis of Power Converter Topologies in Fuel Cell Applications.

“…IMs, which operate on alternating current, are widely used in the BEVs and FCEVs due to their reliability, low cost, high torque, and maintenance-free operation [25] [28]. Reduction in flux at lower torque increases the efficiency by decreasing the iron loss however, flux level can increase copper loss with the increase in torque level until a certain level [23,27,29].…”

“…SRMs are simple with robust rotor structures without magnets or windings and can operate at high speed at high temperatures and are driven by reluctance torque [28,30]. SRMs are well-suited for vehicle propulsion systems due to their high-speed operation, broad constant power range, and limited impact of temperature fluctuations, despite their lower power factor.…”

An AI-Layered with Multi-Agent Systems Architecture for Prognostics Health Management of Smart Transformers: A Novel Approach for Smart Grid-Ready Energy Management Systems

“…Daniella has proposed a Health Index calculation [4] which was validated by 204 power transformer datasets and can also calculate the life loss of the power transformer in real time, the estimation of the Health Index can be done using Markov chain by retrieving data of the oil monitoring technique, and then calculating the Health Index; Determining the average and rearranging it by zone or age, the transition probabilities can be computed, as Muhammad employed this strategy [5] and confirmed by 3195 datasets obtained from oil samples analyzed from power transformers aged 1 to 25 years (373 total). The Health Index calculation can be enhanced by introducing multi-criteria analysis for example fuzzy analytic hierarchy process or fuzzy technique for order preference by similarities to ideal solution [6,7].…”

Efficiency Improvement of Electric Vehicles By Using Winding-Less Rotor Based DC Motor

“…EVs demand high torque, high power density, high efficiency, reliability, cost effective, less noise, and small size [11]. These requirements are being met by different motors which include DC motors, AC induction motors, and BLDC, although when it comes to the power electronics and control system, interior PMSM and PMASynRM are being most preferred due to superior dynamic performance, low torque ripple, and high power density [12]. Depending upon the type of EV DC motors such as shunt and series, PMSMs, BLDC motors and Squirrel Cage Induction Motors are utilized.…”