A motion of forearm supination with maintenance of elbow flexion produced by electrical stimulation to two elbow flexors in humans

Naito, Akira; Yajima, M.; Chishima, Makoto; Sun, Yingjie

doi:10.1016/s1050-6411(02)00009-3

Cited by 13 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…For example, active forearm supination in the patient group was always accompanied by active elbow flexion. This is easy to interpret when considering that the biceps brachii muscle is a strong supinator [16]. Resistance to attempted forearm supination will result in high biceps forces and consequently a high elbow flexion moment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Movement patterns of the upper extremity and trunk associated with impaired forearm rotation in patients with hemiplegic cerebral palsy compared to healthy controls

Kreulen¹,

Smeulders²,

Veeger³

et al. 2007

Gait & Posture

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Movement patterns of the upper extremity and trunk associated with impaired forearm rotation in patients with hemiplegic cerebral palsy compared to healthy controls

Kreulen¹,

Smeulders²,

Veeger³

et al. 2007

Gait & Posture

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“…We have been studying actions of muscles in normal human subjects with an electrical neuromuscular stimulation (ENS) method (Naito et al, 1994(Naito et al, , 2002Fujii et al, 2007). Since the ENS method enables us to activate each individual muscle in living humans, it is very convenient to elucidate strict actions of the muscle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, as yet, no author has presented an analysis of the actions of the human wrist extensors using the ENS method. On the other hand, our previous ENS studies examined a direction and range of motion produced by ENS to each muscle (Naito et al, 1994(Naito et al, , 2002Fujii et al, 2007). However, since a motion of the wrist-bending is always influenced by the gravity (weight of the hand), it is difficult to know a real direction and strength of the wrist-bending force produced by ENS to the muscle with examination of the direction and range of the motion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strict actions of the human wrist extensors: A study with an electrical neuromuscular stimulation method

Sagae¹,

Suzuki

Fujita³

et al. 2010

Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology

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Motion and force produced by electrical neuromuscular stimulation (ENS) to each of the extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) and brevis (ECRB), and extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) with the prone (P), semiprone (SP), and supine forearm (S) were studied in ten normal human subjects. Abduction (AB), extension (E), adduction (AD), and flexion (F) directions were represented by, respectively, 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°. ENS to ECRL, ECRB, and ECU produced motion in direction of, respectively, 60° (mean), 87°, and 205° with P, 66°, 83°, and 166° with SP, and 47°, 66°, and 116° with S to maximal range. Direction/strength (Nm) of force by ENS to ECRL, ECRB, and ECU were, respectively, 54°/1.75, 74°/1.78, and 184°/1.49 with P, 34°/1.65, 63°/1.66, and 152°/1.43 with SP, and 32°/1.66, 70°/1.49, and 147°/1.25 with S. ENS to ECRL exhibited force of 15-20% of maximal E (15-20%Max-E) and 19-29%Max-AB, that to ECRB 24-32%Max-E, and that to ECU 17-30%Max-AD. The force study results suggest that ECRL is an abductor and extensor and ECRB is an extensor rather than an abductor. ECU should be an adductor rather than an extensor with SP and S and an adductor with P. The data must contribute to reconstruct motor functions of paralyzed hands.

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“…Since BB is activated with supinating the forearm and BR is with pronating the forearm (Basmajian and Deluca 1985;Naito et al 1995Naito et al , 1998b, the inhibition should function alternately during a dynamic motion of pronation/supination with maintenance of elbow flexion. It must be very convenient for keeping constant force in flexion to support the weight below the elbow (Naito et al 2002). On the other hand, the BB motoneurons receive facilitation and inhibition from low threshold afferent fibers of the median nerve (Cavallari and Katz 1989;Naito et al 1998a).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Brachioradialis Motoneuron Excitabilities by Group I Fibers of the Median Nerve in Humans

Miyasaka

Naito

Shindo

et al. 2007

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Group I fibers from muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs modulate motoneuron excitabilities to coordinate smooth movements. In this study, to elucidate the effects of group I fibers of the median nerve (MN) on the excitabilities of the brachioradialis (BR), we evaluated the changes in the firing probability of a BR motor unit after electrical conditioning stimulation (CS) to MN with a post-stimulus time-histogram technique in six healthy human subjects. We tested 171 motor units: in 72 of them CS to MN at the elbow with the intensity just below the threshold of alpha motor fibers (MT) produced a facilitatory effect (facilitation), while in 43 of them it produced inhibitory one (inhibition). The facilitation and inhibition were not produced by electrical stimulation of the skin overlaying MN. The central synaptic delays of the facilitation and inhibition were on average -0.13 and 0.13 msec, respectively, longer than those of the homonymous facilitation mediated by a monosynaptic path. The thresholds of the facilitation and inhibition were less than 0.7-0.8 and 0.7-0.9 times MT, respectively. CS to MN of hand muscles produced facilitatory effects and that of the pronator teres, palmaris longus, and flexor carpi radialis inhibitory effects. The facilitatory and inhibitory effects were compatible, for latency, with the facilitation and inhibition. These findings suggest that BR motoneurons receive monosynaptic facilitation and oligosynaptic inhibition from MN in humans. Group I fibers of the hand and forearm muscles should mediate the facilitation and inhibition, respectively, to coordinate movements of the hand, forearm, and elbow. median nerve; brachioradialis; monosynaptic facilitation; oligosynaptic inhibition; humans

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A motion of forearm supination with maintenance of elbow flexion produced by electrical stimulation to two elbow flexors in humans

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Movement patterns of the upper extremity and trunk associated with impaired forearm rotation in patients with hemiplegic cerebral palsy compared to healthy controls

Movement patterns of the upper extremity and trunk associated with impaired forearm rotation in patients with hemiplegic cerebral palsy compared to healthy controls

Strict actions of the human wrist extensors: A study with an electrical neuromuscular stimulation method

Modulation of Brachioradialis Motoneuron Excitabilities by Group I Fibers of the Median Nerve in Humans

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