A Morphometric Analysis of the Fetal Craniofacies by Ultrasound

Escobar, Luis; Bixler, David; Padilla, Lillie Mae; Weaver, David D.; Williams, Christopher J.; Moore, Cynthia A.

doi:10.1097/00001665-199112000-00014

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Samples of individuals can be compared to the normal population and expressed in Z-scores to illustrate the deviation from 'normality' 1 . Escobar et al employed this method for ultrasound-derived cephalometric measurements 2,3 . The authors found that pattern profile analysis may have an additional value in the diagnosis of fetuses with mild abnormalities or abnormality patterns 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Craniofacial variability index in utero: a three‐dimensional ultrasound study

Roelfsema

Hop

Adrichem

et al. 2007

Ultrasound in Obstet & Gyne

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Craniofacial variability index in utero: a three‐dimensional ultrasound study

Roelfsema

Hop

Adrichem

et al. 2007

Ultrasound in Obstet & Gyne

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“…Different orbital and facial parameters have been measured in utero by antenatal ultrasound. (Escobar et al, 1990;Sivan et al, 1997;Roelfsema et al, 2007) The exact parameters as well as the gestational ages studied vary in different reports. Thus it is not practical to compare absolute fetal measurements from the present study with other ultrasound based studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various craniofacial and orbital fetal measurements at different gestational ages have been described. (Burdi et al, 1988;Denis et al, 1998;Diewert, 1985;Escobar et al, 1988;Escobar et al, 1990;Guihard-costa et al, 2003;Guihard-costa et al, 2006;Kragskov et al, 1997;Roelfsema et al, 2007;Sibert, 1986;Sivan et al, 1997;Wu et al, 2000). Most of these studies are ultrasound based and there are only a few reports based on fetal autopsies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PATTERNS OF ORBITOFACIAL AND ORBITAL GROWTH AT PRENATAL STAGE DERIVED FROM FETAL AUTOPSY STUDIES. Patrones de crecimiento órbito-facial y orbital en la etapa prenatal derivados de los estudios de autopsias fetales

Gupta

Kapoor

Huria

2016

Rev Arg de Anat Clin

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Objetivo: Las mediciones orbitofaciales y orbitales del feto pueden ser útiles para el diagnóstico precoz prenatal de malformaciones craneofaciales. La mayoría de los estudios anteriores se basan en la ecografía y sólo hay unos cuantos estudios basados en autopsias fetales. El Análisis detallado de los distintos parámetros puede proporcionar una base de datos útil para una rápida referencia. Métodos: En cincuenta fetos normales de edades gestacionales diferentes, se midieron los siguientes parámetros: las distancias cantales externa e interna, la longitud de la hendidura palpebral, la longitud oropalpebral, la profundidad y la anchura de la órbita y la distancia interorbital. Resultados: El análisis estadístico reveló una correlación positiva significativa de todos estos parámetros con la edad gestacional y con el diámetro biparietal. Los patrones de crecimiento de los pará-metros orbitales y orbitofacial también demostraron una correlación significativa entre sí. Conclusión: Nuestros resultados muestran que el aumento de las partes laterales de la cara y de la longitud facial vertical se produce a un ritmo más rápido en comparación con la parte media de la cara. Las desviaciones de los datos normativos generados para los parámetros orbitales y orbitofacial ayudarán en la detección precoz de síndromes genéticos específicos. Objective: Fetal orbitofacial and orbital measurements may be helpful in early prenatal diagnosis of craniofacial malformation. Most of the earlier studies are ultrasound based and there are only a few studies based on fetal autopsies. Comprehensive analysis of various parameters can provide useful database for easy reference. Methods: In fifty normal fetuses of different gestational ages, the following parameters were measured: outer and inner canthal distances, palpebral fissure length, oropalpebral length, depth and width of orbit and inter orbital distance. Results: Statistical analysis revealed significant positive correlation of all these parameters with gestational age and biparietal diameter. The growth patterns of the orbitofacial and orbital measurements also demonstrated significant correlation between these parameters. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that the lateral parts of the face and the vertical facial length grow at a faster rate than the median part of the face. Deviations from the normative data generated for the orbitofacial and orbital parameters will help in early detection of specific genetic syndromes.

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“…This study is based on measurements derived from ultrasonographic standardized examinations of fetal craniofacial structures. Values obtained here were compared to the normative data by Escobar et al [1990] in order to calculate standardized Z-Scores for each craniofacial measurement from each subject. "This Z-Score represents the difference between the actual measurement and mean of that given value for the specific gestational age, divided by the age-appropriate standard deviation (Z = (x-X)/SD).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitation of craniofacial anomalies in utero: Fetal Alcohol and Crouzon Syndromes and Thanatophoric Dysplasia

1993

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The study of fetal growth and development by ultrasound has been greatly facilitated in the past few years by the availability of anthropometric standards for the fetal body. Thus, the obstetrician is able to discern between normal and grossly abnormal, and even to quantitate certain fine fetal structures such as the face. This paper presents results obtained from a group of 5 patients referred to the Medical Center from private practices in Indianapolis, Indiana. Prenatal cephalometric analyses by ultrasound suggested the presence of craniofacial anomalies in all 5 cases. However, such defects were not detectable by routine ultrasonographic examination. A clinical examination after birth of each of these 5 patients suggested the following diagnoses: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) in 2 individuals, Fetal Alcohol Effects (FAE) in one individual, Crouzon Syndrome (CS) in one patient, and Thanatophoric Dysplasia (TD) in one patient. In order to compare the craniofacial measurement values for each patient to normal standards, we developed Z-Score profiles and Pattern Variability Indexes (PVI) as described by Garn et al. [1984, 1985]. The values presented here support the idea that even mildly abnormal fetal craniofacial patterns are detectable by this relatively new application of ultrasound. At the present time, no conclusions can be made regarding the diagnostic accuracy of these patterns and profiles. However, the potential value of fetal cephalometry for documenting craniofacial dysmorphology is clearly indicated.

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A Morphometric Analysis of the Fetal Craniofacies by Ultrasound

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Craniofacial variability index in utero: a three‐dimensional ultrasound study

Craniofacial variability index in utero: a three‐dimensional ultrasound study

PATTERNS OF ORBITOFACIAL AND ORBITAL GROWTH AT PRENATAL STAGE DERIVED FROM FETAL AUTOPSY STUDIES. Patrones de crecimiento órbito-facial y orbital en la etapa prenatal derivados de los estudios de autopsias fetales

Quantitation of craniofacial anomalies in utero: Fetal Alcohol and Crouzon Syndromes and Thanatophoric Dysplasia

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