A morphology-based filter structure for edge-enhancing smoothing

Schulze, Mark A.; Pearce, John A.

doi:10.1109/icip.1994.413627

Cited by 22 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This method is robust to noise but, as pointed out in [23], edges are not very well preserved. Alternatively, if can be set to the value of that is closer to (4) This latter method results in a better edge enhancement, but it is more sensitive to noise.…”

Section: B Limitations Of the Kuwahara Filtermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Commonly, there are two ways to try to solve this problem [23]: the first solution is to set the output equal to for those values of for which the difference is below a given threshold . This method is robust to noise but, as pointed out in [23], edges are not very well preserved.…”

Section: B Limitations Of the Kuwahara Filtermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [22], the square subregions are replaced by pentagons and hexagons. More recently, in [24], circular subregions are considered, and, in [23] and [25], a larger set of overlapping subregions is taken into account. In [25], the local averages are replaced by Gaussian weighted local averages in order to avoid the Gibbs phenomenon [26] (Gaussian Kuwahara filtering).…”

Section: Generalizations Of the Kuwahara Filtermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [23], a class of generalized Kuwahara filters, the value and criterion filter structure is introduced and efficient algorithms in terms of morphological filtering are provided. A formulation in terms of partial differential equations (PDEs) is given in [25].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Kuwahara operator has been extended in several ways: by changing the shape of the subregions, from squares to pentagons, hexagons and, more recently, to circles [22], [23], by allowing overlapping subregions [24], [25], and by replacing the local averages with Gaussian weighted local averages [25]. In [23], a class of generalized Kuwahara filters, the value and criterion filter structure is introduced and efficient algorithms in terms of morphological filtering are provided.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Artistic Edge and Corner Enhancing Smoothing

Papari

Petkov

Campisi

2007

IEEE Trans. on Image Process.

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Abstract-Two important visual properties of paintings and painting-like images are the absence of texture details and the increased sharpness of edges as compared to photographic images. Painting-like artistic effects can be achieved from photographic images by filters that smooth out texture details, while preserving or enhancing edges and corners. However, not all edge preserving smoothers are suitable for this purpose. We present a simple nonlinear local operator that generalizes both the well known Kuwahara filter and the more general class of filters known in the literature as "criterion and value filter structure." This class of operators suffers from intrinsic theoretical limitations which give rise to a dramatic instability in presence of noise, especially on shadowed areas. Such limitations are discussed in the paper and overcome by the proposed operator. A large variety of experimental results shows that the output of the proposed operator is visually similar to a painting. Comparisons with existing techniques on a large set of natural images highlight conditions on which traditional edge preserving smoothers fail, whereas our approach produces good results. In particular, unlike many other well established approaches, the proposed operator is robust to degradations of the input image such as blurring and noise contamination.Index Terms-Adaptive filters, edge/corner enhancers, image region analysis, nonlinear filters, painterly image processing, smoothing methods.

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Section: B Limitations Of the Kuwahara Filtermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Limitations Of the Kuwahara Filtermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Generalizations Of the Kuwahara Filtermentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Artistic Edge and Corner Enhancing Smoothing

Papari

Petkov

Campisi

2007

IEEE Trans. on Image Process.

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Discrimination of extant Pan species and subspecies using the enamel–dentine junction morphology of lower molars

Skinner

Gunz

Wood

et al. 2009

American J Phys Anthropol

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Previous research has demonstrated that species and subspecies of extant chimpanzees and bonobos can be distinguished on the basis of the shape of their molar crowns. Thus, there is potential for fossil taxa, particularly fossil hominins, to be distinguished at similar taxonomic levels using molar crown morphology. Unfortunately, due to occlusal attrition, the original crown morphology is often absent in fossil teeth, and this has limited the amount of shape information used to discriminate hominin molars. The enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) of molar teeth preserves considerable shape information, particularly in regard to the original shape of the crown, and remains present through the early stages of attrition. In this study, we investigate whether the shape of the EDJ of lower first and second molars can distinguish species and subspecies of extant Pan. Micro-computed tomography was employed to non-destructively image the EDJ, and geometric morphometric analytical methods were used to compare EDJ shape among samples of Pan paniscus (N = 17), Pan troglodytes troglodytes (N = 13), and Pan troglodytes verus (N = 18). Discriminant analysis indicates that EDJ morphology distinguishes among extant Pan species and subspecies with a high degree of reliability. The morphological differences in EDJ shape among the taxa are subtle and relate to the relative height and position of the dentine horns, the height of the dentine crown, and the shape of the crown base, but their existence supports the inclusion of EDJ shape (particularly those aspects of shape in the vertical dimension) in the systematic analysis of fossil hominin lower molars.

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Brief communication: Contributions of enamel‐dentine junction shape and enamel deposition to primate molar crown complexity

Skinner

Evans

Smith

et al. 2010

American J Phys Anthropol

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Molar crown morphology varies among primates from relatively simple in some taxa to more complex in others, with such variability having both functional and taxonomic significance. In addition to the primary cusps, crown surface complexity derives from the presence of crests, cuspules, and crenulations. Developmentally, this complexity results from the deposition of an enamel cap over a basement membrane (the morphology of which is preserved as the enamel-dentine junction, or EDJ, in fully formed teeth). However, the relative contribution of the enamel cap and the EDJ to molar crown complexity is poorly characterized. In this study we examine the complexity of the EDJ and enamel surface of a broad sample of primate (including fossil hominin) lower molars through the application of micro-computed tomography and dental topographic analysis. Surface complexity of the EDJ and outer enamel surface (OES) is quantified by first mapping, and then summing, the total number of discrete surface orientation patches. We investigate the relative contribution of the EDJ and enamel cap to crown complexity by assessing the correlation in patch counts between the EDJ and OES within taxa and within individual teeth. We identify three patterns of EDJ/OES complexity which demonstrate that both crown patterning early in development and the subsequent deposition of the enamel cap contribute to overall crown complexity in primates.

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A morphology-based filter structure for edge-enhancing smoothing

Cited by 22 publications

References 10 publications

Artistic Edge and Corner Enhancing Smoothing

Artistic Edge and Corner Enhancing Smoothing

Discrimination of extant Pan species and subspecies using the enamel–dentine junction morphology of lower molars

Brief communication: Contributions of enamel‐dentine junction shape and enamel deposition to primate molar crown complexity

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