A morphological and chemical study of calcification of the choroid plexus

Michotte, Yvette; Massart, D.L.; Löwenthal, A.; Knaepen, L; Pelsmaekers, J.; Collard, M

doi:10.1007/bf00312946

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…By an improved histochemical staining method, a substantial staining of iron can be seen in neuroglial cells and in the choroid plexus epithelial cells (Moos and Mollgard, 1993). In human subjects with a calcified choroid plexus, iron concentration in the choroid plexus was about 5 times greater than the values obtained from other brain tissues (Michotte et al, 1977).…”

Section: Sequestered Choroid Plexus Toxicants Iron (Fe)contrasting

confidence: 57%

“…There is no direct evidence toward manganese-associated damages in cerebral microvascular structure, nor can it be found about structural injury resulting from manganese toxicity in choroidal epithelial cells. However, manganese indeed accumulates in the choroid plexus (Ingersoll et al, 1995;Michotte et al, 1977;Valois and Webster, 1989b;Zheng et al, 1998b). The influx constant of manganese to the choroid plexus was about 150 and 1,000 times greater than that of cerebral cortex and CSF, respectively, when the plasma manganese was maintained at a constant level (Murphy et al, 1991).…”

Section: Manganese In Choroid Plexus and Csf Upon Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicology of choroid plexus: Special reference to metal‐induced neurotoxicities

Wang¹

2001

Microsc. Res. Tech.

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The chemical stability in the brain underlies normal human thinking, learning, and behavior. Compelling evidence demonstrates a definite capacity of the choroid plexus in sequestering toxic heavy metal and metalloid ions. As the integrity of blood-brain and blood-CSF barriers, both structurally and functionally, is essential to brain chemical stability, the role of the choroid plexus in metal-induced neurotoxicities has become an important, yet under-investigated research area in neurotoxicology. Metals acting on the choroid plexus can be categorized into three major groups. A general choroid plexus toxicant can directly damage the choroid plexus structure such as mercury and cadmium. A selective choroid plexus toxicant may impair specific plexus regulatory pathways that are critical to brain development and function, rather than induce massive pathological alteration. The typical examples in this category include lead-induced alteration in transthyretin production and secretion as well as manganese interaction with iron in the choroid plexus. Furthermore, a sequestered choroid plexus toxicant, such as iron, silver, or gold, may be sequestered by the choroid plexus as an essential CNS defense mechanism. Our current knowledge on the toxicological aspect of choroid plexus research is still incomplete. Thus, the future research needs have been suggested to focus on the role of choroid plexus in early CNS development as affected by metal sequestration in this tissue, to explore how metal accumulation alters the capacity of the choroid plexus in regulation of certain essential elements involved in the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases, and to better understand the blood-CSF barrier as a defense mechanism in overall CNS function.

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Section: Sequestered Choroid Plexus Toxicants Iron (Fe)contrasting

confidence: 57%

Section: Manganese In Choroid Plexus and Csf Upon Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicology of choroid plexus: Special reference to metal‐induced neurotoxicities

Wang¹

2001

Microsc. Res. Tech.

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“…Ferric iron was detected by the Perl's technique in psammoma bodies in the choroid plexus but not by EDAX. Nevertheless, support for the presence of iron comes from spectroscopic analysis by Michotte et al (1977b). They showed that iron was present in the choroid plexus at a concentration above that found in other tissues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcification in the Human Choroid Plexus, Meningiomas and Pineal Gland

Alcolado

Moore

Weller

1986

Neuropathology Appl Neurobio

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Calcification in the stroma of adult telencephalic choroid plexus was studied of 20 postmortem brains and one biopsy by light microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy and compared with calcification in psammoma bodies in normal arachnoid, five spinal meningiomas and in calcospherites of six pineal glands. Fifteen fetal and newborn choroid plexuses were also examined by light microscopy. Calcium deposition was observed in the subepithelial regions of the adult choroid plexus, in the walls of blood vessels but was mostly seen in spherical psammoma bodies. Collagen whorls 20-60 microns in diameter and surrounded by arachnoid cells, were observed in the stroma of the choroid plexus; calcium, phosphorous and iron were deposited in the collagen whorls to form psammoma bodies. Matrix vesicles and spicules resembling hydroxyapatite were associated with the arachnoid cells surrounding the collagen whorls and with the collagen fibres within the whorls. The dense amorphous calcified core of each psammoma body was surrounded by an outer coating of entwined collagen fibres readily visible by scanning electron microscopy. Similar psammoma bodies were occasionally observed in normal arachnoid. Psammoma bodies in meningiomas resembled those in the choroid plexus stroma. Calcospherites in the pineal differed from psammoma bodies; they were lobulated, more irregular in shape and did not have a collagen base. The results of this study suggest that psammoma bodies in the choroid plexus, as in meningiomas, form by a process of dystrophic calcification associated with arachnoid cells and collagen fibres. The presence of iron in the choroid plexus psammoma bodies may be a result of haemorrhage into the stroma. The mechanism of calcification in pineal remains unclear.

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“…With histochemical staining, a substantial amount of Fe can be seen in neuroglial cells and in the choroid plexus epithelial cells (Moos and Mollgard, 1993). In human subjects with a calcified choroid plexus, Fe concentration in the choroid plexus is about five times greater than in other brain tissues (Michotte et al, 1977).…”

Section: Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is no experimental evidence in support of Mn-induced direct damage to cerebral microvascular structure nor is much known about structural injury as a direct result of Mn toxicity in choroidal epithelial cells. Mn, however, readily accumulates in the choroid plexus (Michotte et al, 1977;Valois and Webster, 1989;Zheng et al, 1998). The influx of Mn to the choroid plexus is about 150 and 1000 times greater than that of cerebral cortex and CSF, respectively, when the plasma concentration of the infused Mn is maintained constantly (Murphy et al, 1991).…”

Section: Manganesementioning

confidence: 99%

Brain barrier systems: a new frontier in metal neurotoxicological research

Zheng

Aschner

Ghersi-Egea

2003

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

442

277

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The concept of brain barriers or a brain barrier system embraces the blood-brain interface, referred to as the blood-brain barrier, and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) interface, referred to as the blood-CSF barrier. These brain barriers protect the CNS against chemical insults, by different complementary mechanisms. Toxic metal molecules can either bypass these mechanisms or be sequestered in and therefore potentially deleterious to brain barriers. Supportive evidence suggests that damage to blood-brain interfaces can lead to chemical-induced neurotoxicities. This review article examines the unique structure, specialization, and function of the brain barrier system, with particular emphasis on its toxicological implications. Typical examples of metal transport and toxicity at the barriers, such as lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn), are discussed in detail with a special focus on the relevance to their toxic neurological consequences. Based on these discussions, the emerging research needs, such as construction of the new concept of blood-brain regional barriers, understanding of chemical effect on aged or immature barriers, and elucidation of the susceptibility of tight junctions to toxicants, are identified and addressed in this newly evolving field of neurotoxicology. They represent both clear challenges and fruitful research domains not only in neurotoxicology, but also in neurophysiology and pharmacology.

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A morphological and chemical study of calcification of the choroid plexus

Cited by 12 publications

References 8 publications

Toxicology of choroid plexus: Special reference to metal‐induced neurotoxicities

Toxicology of choroid plexus: Special reference to metal‐induced neurotoxicities

Calcification in the Human Choroid Plexus, Meningiomas and Pineal Gland

Brain barrier systems: a new frontier in metal neurotoxicological research

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