A Monte Carlo study on the radio-sensitization effect of gold nanoparticles in brachytherapy of prostate by <sup>103</sup>Pd seeds

Jangjoo, Amir Ghasemi; Ghiasi, Hosein; Mesbahi, Asghar

doi:10.2478/pjmpe-2019-0012

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Considering studies in the low energy range, Ghasemi Jangjoo et al showed that AuNPs cause an average of 23% DEF in brachytherapy application with a 103-Pd source for prostate cancer. 33 Roeske et al found that AuNPs lead to a 65% dose increase in low-energy radiation therapy of approximately 100 keV. 34 Yuting Lin et al studied AuNP-induced vasculature damage with proton, MV photons, and kV photons, showing that kV photons cause the largest AuNP dose enhancement in endothelial cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Dose Enhancement in Tumor With Silver Nanoparticles on Surrounding Healthy Tissues: A Monte Carlo Study

ÇAĞLAR,

EŞİTMEZ,

CEBE

2024

Technol Cancer Res Treat

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Objectives: Cancer-related death rates account for approximately one-third of all deaths, and this rate is increasing remarkably every year. In this study, we examined the dose enhancement factor (DEF) in the tumor and surrounding tissues by adding different concentrations of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to the brain tumor using the Monte Carlo (MC) technique. Methods: This study used MCNP6.2 simulation software. A Planning Target Volume (PTV) of 1 × 1 × 1 cm3 was placed in the center of a cubic cranial model with dimensions of 5 × 5 × 5 cm3. Five different simulations were initially generated using the simple method. These simulations included pure PTV and PTV consisting of 4 different silver concentrations (5, 10, 20, and 30 mg/g). Additionally, a model was created using the nanolattice method, considering the size, position, and distribution of the AgNPs. Irradiation was performed using a source with a 6 MV linac photon spectrum. Measurements were performed using the *f8 tally, and DEF values were calculated. Results: In the simulation study using the simple method, the DEF value of PTV increased linearly with concentration, whereas the DEF values were lower than the simulation results with the nanolattice model (1.9 vs 1.4 for 30 mg/g NP concentration). Performing the simple method, we observed no remarkable dose increase in lateral OARs surrounding PTV. While a remarkable dose decrease was observed in distal OARs, a dose increase in the proximal OAR was observed, which was consistent with that of PTV. However, according to the results obtained by performing the nanolattice method, the dose increase was observed in both the proximal OAR and the distal OAR and was similar to that of PTV. Conclusion: While enhancing the dose in the tumor by adding NPs into the tumor, it is essential to consider whether it also increases the OAR dose. In addition, simulation studies on NPs showed that the dose increase varied significantly with particle size, position, and distribution. Hence, these factors should be considered carefully.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Dose Enhancement in Tumor With Silver Nanoparticles on Surrounding Healthy Tissues: A Monte Carlo Study

ÇAĞLAR,

EŞİTMEZ,

CEBE

2024

Technol Cancer Res Treat

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“…With the advent of nanoparticles (NPs) and their use in medicine, many studies have focused on NP-aided RT by harnessing the high absorption coefficient of metallic NPs under low-energy X-ray irradiations. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Some of these studies revealed a significant dose enhancement effect (DEF) for high atomic number elements such as gold, bismuth, hafnium, and iodine. NP-aided RT of brain tumors has been reported by several investigators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NP-aided RT of brain tumors has been reported by several investigators. [7][8][9][10][11] However, the positive results of these in vitro and in vivo experiments could not be translated to human tumors because of multiple technical obstacles including the toxicity of NP, lower penetration of kilovoltage photons, higher absorption of photons by skull bone, and lack of differential intake of NP between tumors and normal cells. For instance, in vivo experiments have been conducted on small rats where the size of the head is not comparable to the human head and the lower penetration of orthovoltage photon beams was not a significant impediment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In silico analysis of optimum photon energy spectra and beam parameters for iodine nanoparticle–aided orthovoltage radiation therapy of brain tumors

et al. 2022

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In this study, the effect of photon energy spectra on the dose enhancement factor (DEF) and other influencing parameters such as skull–tumor dose ratios were estimated for a confined tumor loaded with iodine nanoparticles (INPs). A mathematical brain phantom with a brain tumor was simulated by the MCNP6 Monte Carlo code. A validated commercial computed tomography model consisting of an X-ray tube, Al–Cu filters, and collimators was used to simulate the rotational conformal treatment of the tumor. INPs with a diameter of 20 nm and concentrations of 10–50 mg/g were introduced inside the tumor as homogenously distributed spherical particles. The dose distribution inside the phantom was scored for several orthovoltage beams with the peak voltages of 140, 200, and 320 kVp as well as two 3.5 and 6 MV megavoltage beams. A significant rise of DEF values with nanoparticle (NP) concentration for orthovoltage beams is revealed; no significant dose enhancement was obtained for megavoltage beams. The highest DEF and skull–tumor dose ratio were obtained for the 140 kVp beam which decreased with the number of directional fields. The clinically optimal plan for a brain tumor, with high DEFs of 2.81–2.24 and acceptable skull–tumor dose ratios of 0.61–0.51, would be feasible for treatment using 200 and 320 kVp beams, an iodine concentration of 20 mg/g, and 8–15 fields. Our calculations show that clinically significant radiation dose enhancements can be obtained for tumors loaded with INPs using orthovoltage beams. Optimal treatment regimens are feasible using a proper selection of photon beam spectrum and sufficient numbers of cross-firing beams. The limiting effect of skull bone could be minimized by increasing the number of radiation fields and the use of higher quality of orthovoltage beams.

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“…In brachytherapy, the use of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) is an active area of research to determine possible dose enhancement (Bahreyni Toossi et al, 2012;Brivio et al, 2017;Safigholi & Song, 2018;Gray et al, 2019;Jangjoo et al, 2019) to make the therapy more effective. Nanoscale, at which the wavelength of incident electromagnetic radiation can become of the order of atomic dimensions casts doubts on the reliability of simulation results from Monte Carlo codes due to several artifacts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy deposition and dose enhancement using Monte Carlo derivative sampling: applications in brachytherapy

Khan

Koreshi²,

Aziz³

et al. 2021

J. Natn. Sci. Foundation Sri Lanka

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Energy deposition and radiation dose distribution by the use of gold, a high-Z biocompatible element in water solution, is estimated as a function of source energy typical of brachytherapy sources (15 keV, 20 keV, 30 keV, 40 keV, 80 keV, 90 keV, 150 keV, 300 keV, 1 MeV), solution concentration (5-25 mg Au/g H 2 O), and solution placement (1-2 cm concentric shells). Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are carried out with the MCNP5 code, compared with other widely used MC codes such as PENELOPE and GEANT, to validate the dose estimates, which may vary considerably due to artifacts and data libraries, and extended to a sensitivity analysis using perturbation estimates. The energy deposition and radiation dose are estimated as a function of monoenergetic source radiation energy, and concentration of gold in solution. MC simulation is carried out in the coupled photon-electron radiation mode for x-rays emanating from a radiation source implanted in a water cell, for which results are valid for a cancer cell modelled by a spherical water phantom. For carrying out sensitivity studies, the Monte Carlo perturbation feature with material perturbations was used to sample derivatives in a single run which were used in a Taylor series to estimate both dose and Dose Enhancement Factor (DEF) from single MC runs. Close agreement was found between dose estimates from MCNP5, PENELOPE and GEANT, in spite of artifacts such as cut-offs in electron transport. It was also found that dose increases with energy of a source, and that dose enhancement, for a given concentration, decreases with source energy. The perturbation estimates result in enhanced computational efficiency.

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A Monte Carlo study on the radio-sensitization effect of gold nanoparticles in brachytherapy of prostate by ¹⁰³Pd seeds

Cited by 8 publications

References 38 publications

The Effect of Dose Enhancement in Tumor With Silver Nanoparticles on Surrounding Healthy Tissues: A Monte Carlo Study

The Effect of Dose Enhancement in Tumor With Silver Nanoparticles on Surrounding Healthy Tissues: A Monte Carlo Study

In silico analysis of optimum photon energy spectra and beam parameters for iodine nanoparticle–aided orthovoltage radiation therapy of brain tumors

Energy deposition and dose enhancement using Monte Carlo derivative sampling: applications in brachytherapy

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A Monte Carlo study on the radio-sensitization effect of gold nanoparticles in brachytherapy of prostate by 103Pd seeds

Cited by 8 publications

References 38 publications

The Effect of Dose Enhancement in Tumor With Silver Nanoparticles on Surrounding Healthy Tissues: A Monte Carlo Study

The Effect of Dose Enhancement in Tumor With Silver Nanoparticles on Surrounding Healthy Tissues: A Monte Carlo Study

In silico analysis of optimum photon energy spectra and beam parameters for iodine nanoparticle–aided orthovoltage radiation therapy of brain tumors

Energy deposition and dose enhancement using Monte Carlo derivative sampling: applications in brachytherapy

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A Monte Carlo study on the radio-sensitization effect of gold nanoparticles in brachytherapy of prostate by ¹⁰³Pd seeds