A monograph on the remediation of hazardous phthalates

Degradation of di(2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate by Fusarium culmorum: Kinetics, enzymatic activities and biodegradation pathway based on quantum chemical modelingpathway based on quantum chemical modeling

“…Their basic chemical structure is phthalic acid with two side chains (they may be branched or linear), which can be alkyl, benzyl, phenyl, cycloalkyl, or alkoxy groups (Abdel-Daiem et al, 2012). Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a diester of phthalic acid used as a plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride (PVC), which increases the flexibility of the plastic, enabling a wide range of products to be manufactured (Benjamin et al, 2015;Orecchio et al, 2015). DEHP is used in consumer goods, food contact materials, flooring and wall covering, and medical devices (i.e., blood storage bags, hemodialysis tubing, oxygenation Science of the Total Environment xxx (2016) xxx-xxx ⁎ Corresponding author.…”

“…Phthalates in mammals are metabolized to monophthalate by lipases or esterases present in the intestines; monophthalate is degraded into oxidative metabolites. The monoesters are generally considered to be responsible for the toxic effects (Benjamin et al, 2015). Phthalates are environmental contaminants that do not readily degrade.…”

Achromobacter denitrificans strain SP1 produces an intracellular esterase upon utilizing di(2ethylhexyl)phthalate

“…DMT-5-3 were also reported (Luo et al, 2012). The initial step in the degradation pathway of phthalate esters in bacteria seems to be mediated by de-esterification reaction Benjamin et al, 2015); for instance, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes hydrolyzed di-n-butyl phthalate to mono-n-butylphthalate and phthalic acid (Benckiser and Ottow, 1982); Nocardia erythropolis hydrolyzed DEHP to its monoester and phthalic acid (Kurane et al, 1984), and an esterase from Bacillus sp. catalyzed the initial degradation of di-methyl phthalate (Niazi et al, 2001).…”

Epigenetic Effects of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: Phthalates: Review

“…Bu da artmış yağ depolanmasına ve adiponektin gibi insülin-duyarlaştırıcı hormonların salımına neden olur. 16,17 Bilinen tüm ftalatlar berrak ve oda sıcaklı-ğında yağımsı sıvılardır. Tüm organik çözücü-lerde çözünür ve diğer PVC plastizerler ile karışabilir.…”

“…Bu nedenle, yüzey sularında her zaman sabit miktarlarda bulunur. 16,17 Yüksek molekül ağırlıklı ftalatlar medikal ürünlerde, yapı materyalleri, kablo, film, kaplama, yer döşemeleri, cam/kapı profili, çanta, ayakkabı, kan torbası, baskılı kıyafetler, çocuk oyuncakları, bebek şampuanları, temizleme kremlerinde ve eldiven gibi esnek ve yalıtkan malzeme yapımında, mürekkep ve yapıştırıcı yapı-mında kullanılır. Düşük molekül ağırlıklı ftalatların ise kozmetik ve parfümlerde taşıyıcı, renk ve koku sabitleyici olarak kullanıldıkları; insektisit ve farmasötik üretiminde de formülasyona eklendikleri bilinmektedir.…”