A molecular phylogeny of the Pacific clade of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) reveals a Fijian origin, recent diversification, and the importance of founder events

Johnson, Melissa A.; Clark, John L.; Wagner, Warren L.; McDade, Lucinda A.

doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.07.004

Cited by 33 publications

(103 citation statements)

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“…We placed a secondary calibration point at the crown of the Hawaiian Cyrtandra clade based on the previous dating analysis of Pacific Cyrtandra by Johnson et al. (), which estimated the crown age of Hawaiian Cyrtandra at 4.57 Ma (4.14–5.03, 95% HPD). Island age calibration points were placed at three nodes that exhibit progression rule divergence: the C. hawaiensis / C. calpidicarpa / C. grandiflora clade, the C. platyphylla / C. grayi clade and the endemic Hawai'i Island group (Table ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Johnson et al. () found the BayArea‐like+j+x model (Bayesian Inference of Historical Biogeography for Discrete Areas; Landis, Matzke, Moore, & Huelsenbeck, ) to be the best model for describing biogeographic patterns in Hawaiian Cyrtandra , thus we used this model to estimate ancestral areas in the present study. This model includes anagenetic dispersal and extinction as base parameters, as well as the free parameters “ j ” (founder events; Matzke, ) and “ x ” (dispersal distance; Van Dam & Matzke, ), which are likely important for understanding biogeographic patterns on islands.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple colonizations, hybridization and uneven diversification in Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) lineages on Hawai'i Island

Johnson

Pillon

Sakishima

et al. 2019

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim The diversity and composition of species pools within oceanic archipelagos is determined by a combination of colonization, abiotic tolerance, in situ diversification, biotic interactions and extinction. The signature of biogeographic events and evolutionary processes, however, may be masked by recent coalescence and hybridization between closely related species. We used the species‐rich plant genus Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) to investigate the roles of colonization and hybridization in shaping community assemblages on the geologically young Hawai'i Island. Location Hawaiian Islands. Taxon Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae). Methods We sampled 29 Cyrtandra taxa and putative hybrids across the main Hawaiian Islands and generated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from nine single‐copy nuclear genes. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference were used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships, divergence times were estimated using secondary calibrations and island ages, and ancestral area estimation was done using likelihood models. Lastly, we used a Bayesian population assignment test and principal components analysis to infer population genetic structure. Results Cyrtandra colonization of the main Hawaiian Islands appears to have followed the progression rule, whereby the oldest high Hawaiian Islands (Kaua'i and O'ahu) were colonized first, followed by colonization of the younger islands as habitat became available. Hawai'i Island was colonized four times, with two dispersal events from O'ahu and two from Maui Nui. The different colonization events gave rise to significantly uneven numbers of species, and hybridization among the incipient lineages was detected in the form of intermediate genotypes. Main conclusions Our investigation into community assembly in a species‐rich plant genus on a geologically young oceanic island revealed a history of multiple colonizations and hybridization among colonizing lineages. The rapid diversification (3.5 species/My) of one of four Cyrtandra lineages on Hawai'i Island may be the result of hybridization between genetically diverse lineages that stem from independent colonization events. Multiple colonization events followed by a merging of lineages may be particularly common during early‐stage community assembly on islands and, through the generation of genetic variation, may be especially important for species diversification.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple colonizations, hybridization and uneven diversification in Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) lineages on Hawai'i Island

Johnson

Pillon

Sakishima

et al. 2019

Journal of Biogeography

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“…More Marquesas genera are strongly supported as monophyletic (10) than strongly supported as polyphyletic (two) within the archipelago. Those genera which show monophyly in the Marquesas are: sandalwood trees in the genus Santalum (Harbaugh & Baldwin, ), the endemic radiation of Cyrtandra shrubs (Johnson, Clark, Wagner, & McDade, ), Sclerotheca (formerly Apetahia ) shrubs (Pillon, Stacy, & Meyer, ), Samoana snails (Lee, Li, Churchill, & Ó Foighil, ), Habronattus jumping spiders (Arnedo & Gillespie, ), Tetragnatha spiders (Casquet et al., ; Gillespie, ), Epicephala moths (leafflower moths; Hembry et al., ), Rhyncogonus weevils (Claridge, Gillespie, Brewer, & Roderick, ), Ptilinopus fruit doves (Cibois et al., ), and Pomarea monarch flycatchers (Andersen, Hosner, Filardi, & Moyle, ). In contrast, species in two genera are known to be polyphyletic in the Marquesas.…”

Section: Monophyly Of Marquesas Radiationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two of the Nuku Hiva species of Melicope , M. nukuhivensis and M. revoluta , and two Hiva Oa species of Cyrtandra , C. feaniana and C. ootensis , may be additional examples of within‐island diversification (Appelhans et al., ; Johnson et al., ). In addition to providing evidence for within‐island speciation, both Rhyncogonus and Melicope also show evidence for repeated independent colonization of some of the same islands: Fatu Hiva has been colonized multiple times by Rhyncogonus (from Hiva Oa; Claridge, ) and Nuku Hiva has been colonized multiple times by Melicope (from Hawaii; Appelhans et al., ).…”

Section: Diversification Within Islandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5.5 Ma). Finally, a few other groups show intermediate ages, likely having colonized the archipelago while the islands were still being formed ( Astelia , Birch & Keeley, ; Sclerotheca , Givnish et al., ; Bidens , Knope et al., ; Cyrtandra , Johnson et al., ; possibly Campsicnemus flies, Goodman, Evenhuis, Bartošová‐Sojková, & O'Grady, ). These results indicate that the spread of colonization dates across the age of the archipelago identified for landbirds (Thibault & Cibois, ) is a general pattern in the terrestrial biota.…”

Section: How Old Is the Marquesas Biota?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolutionary biogeography of the terrestrial biota of the Marquesas Islands, one of the world's remotest archipelagos

Hembry

2018

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim Here I review phylogenetic studies concerning the biogeography of the Marquesas Islands, an oceanic hotspot archipelago in the Pacific Ocean formed <5.5 Ma, and compare patterns (particularly pertaining to colonization and diversification) within the archipelago to those reported from the Hawaiian and Society Islands. Location Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia (Pacific Ocean). Methods I reviewed 37 phylogenetic studies incorporating Marquesas‐endemic taxa. I asked the following questions: (a) where are the sister‐groups of Marquesas lineages distributed? (b) are Marquesas‐endemic “radiations” monophyletic or polyphyletic? (c) what major between‐island phylogeographic barriers are seen in the Marquesas? (d) what evidence exists for diversification within islands? (e) how old is the Marquesas biota compared to the archipelago's age? Finally, these patterns are compared with those seen in the Society Islands and Hawaii. Results Most Marquesan lineages have their closest known relatives on other Pacific plate archipelagos (particularly the Society, Hawaiian, and Austral islands). Most Marquesas‐endemic radiations are found to be monophyletic, and among‐island diversification appears to be common. There is limited evidence for within‐island diversification. Some radiations may be consistent with a weak progression rule in which younger lineages are on younger islands. Crown ages of no Marquesas radiations appear to be older than the age of the archipelago (with one exception). Main conclusions Diversification of the Marquesas biota resembles that of the Hawaiian Islands more than that of the Society Islands. Many radiations are monophyletic and some appear to diversify in parallel with the formation of the archipelago.

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Phylogenetic and functional trait‐based community assembly within Pacific Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae): Evidence for clustering at multiple spatial scales

Johnson

2023

Ecology and Evolution

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Tropical rainforest communities are often characterized by a small number of species‐rich genera that contribute disproportionately to the alpha diversity in these habitats. In the Pacific Basin, there are nearly 200 species of Cyrtandra, most of which are white‐flowered woody shrubs that are single‐island endemics. Within these island communities, multiple Cyrtandra species are commonly observed to occur sympatrically in wet forest understories, forming swarms of what appear to be ecologically similar taxa. The aim of this study was to determine whether species of these plants are randomly assembled with respect to phylogenetic relatedness and traits that are ecologically relevant. I examined assembly patterns across three Pacific archipelagoes using a combination of 10 functional traits and a well‐resolved phylogeny comprising 34 species of Cyrtandra. Coexisting species were found to be more closely related and more phenotypically similar than would be expected by chance. This pattern was observed at both regional (island) and local (site) spatial scales. The retention of phylogenetic signal in floral traits and the strong influence of these traits on the observed degree of phylogenetic clustering may indicate that generalist insect pollinators act as a biotic filter on oceanic islands, driving selection for similar floral morphology among closely related species of Pacific Cyrtandra. Phylogenetic signal was also detected in leaf size, which contributed to niche clustering at both spatial scales. Coupled with a propensity for long‐distance dispersal, and the restricted distribution of Cyrtandra to rainforest understories, this finding suggests that environmental filtering along this trait axis may be more important than dispersal limitation in determining species assemblages. This study supports the theory that plant species are not randomly assembled, and instead, that niche‐based processes structure biodiversity at regional and local spatial scales in diverse congeneric species assemblages.

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A molecular phylogeny of the Pacific clade of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) reveals a Fijian origin, recent diversification, and the importance of founder events

Cited by 33 publications

References 64 publications

Multiple colonizations, hybridization and uneven diversification in Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) lineages on Hawai'i Island

Multiple colonizations, hybridization and uneven diversification in Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) lineages on Hawai'i Island

Evolutionary biogeography of the terrestrial biota of the Marquesas Islands, one of the world's remotest archipelagos

Phylogenetic and functional trait‐based community assembly within Pacific Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae): Evidence for clustering at multiple spatial scales

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