A molecular phylogeny of rose chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) reveals a complex and concerted morphological evolution related to their flight mode

Šípek, Petr; Fabrizi, Silvia; Eberle, Jonas; Ahrens, Dirk

doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.05.012

Cited by 34 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…It has long been accepted that Laparosticti are polyphyletic, representing the plesiomorphic state of spiracle position (Grebennikov & Scholtz, ), yet the monophyly of the pleurostict linage was recently reported several times (e.g. Smith et al , ; Ahrens et al , ; Timmermans et al , 2016; Gunter et al , ; Šípek et al , ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has long been accepted that Laparosticti are polyphyletic, representing the plesiomorphic state of spiracle position (Grebennikov & Scholtz, 2004), yet the monophyly of the pleurostict linage was recently reported several times (e.g. Smith et al, 2006;Ahrens et al, 2014;Timmermans et al, 2016;Gunter et al, 2016;Šípek et al, 2016). Iablokoff-Khnzorian (1977) considered Aclopinae to be more closely related to Hybosorinae + Ochodaeinae and the Loxosticti.…”

Section: On the Position Of The Fossils Formerly Included Within Aclomentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the phylogenetic position and systematics of extant and fossil Aclopinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Neita‐Moreno

Agraín

Eberle

et al. 2019

Systematic Entomology

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The Aclopinae is a small subfamily within the family Scarabaeidae. It currently comprises five extant genera with 28 species, and eight fossil genera with 25 species. The systematic position of Aclopinae within the family Scarabaeidae is uncertain, particularly because representative species of Aclopinae have been absent in previous phylogenetic studies. Here we performed phylogenetic analyses using morphological and molecular data to investigate the phylogenetic position of fossil and extant Aclopinae. For this objective, we expanded and revised a former morphological data matrix (composed of 68 characters) including all extant genera of Aclopinae. We complemented our morphological investigations with a molecular phylogenetic analysis based on four genes of several extant taxa of Aclopinae and a wide sample of diverse Scarabaeoidea. Our phylogenetic analyses show that all the type species of the fossil genera formerly included within Aclopinae do not belong within the extant Aclopinae clade and support both the exclusion of those fossil taxa and the monophyly of the extant genera of Aclopinae: Aclopus Erichson, Desertaclopus Ocampo & Mondaca, Gracilaclopus Ocampo & Mondaca, Neophanaeognatha Allsopp and Phanaeognatha Hope. Our results also show that the fossil taxa Prophaenognatha robusta Bai et al. and Ceafornotensis archratiras Woolley are closely related to Ochodaeidae, while the remaining type species of fossils formerly included in Aclopinae (Cretaclopus longipes (Ponomarenko), Holcorobeus vittatus Nikritin, Juraclopus rodhendorfi Nikolajev, Mesaclopus mongolicus (Nikolajev), and Mongolrobeus zherikhini Nikolajev) belong to a distinct lineage closely related to Diphyllostomatidae. Based on these results, the subfamily Aclopinae appears monophyletic and sister to the ‘pleurostict’ lineage. Consequently, we propose the following changes to the current classification of the fossil taxa: Holcorobeus monreali (Gómez‐Pallerola) belongs to Carabidae (incertae sedis) as proposed by the original author, and we place Ceafornotensis Woolley, Cretaclopus Nikolajev, Holcorobeus Nikritin, Juraclopus Nikolajev, Mesaclopus Nikolajev, Mongolrobeus Nikolajev and Prophaenognatha Bai et al. in Scarabaeoidea (incertae sedis). Furthermore, we provide an identification key to, and diagnoses of, the genera, illustrations of diagnostic characters and checklists of their included species. The evolutionary perspective presented provides new insights into the evolution of the pleurostict condition in Scarabaeoidea and the biogeography of this group, which is now regarded as Gondwanan, probably evolving during the Cretaceous and not from the upper Jurassic as previously assumed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: On the Position Of The Fossils Formerly Included Within Aclomentioning

confidence: 99%

On the phylogenetic position and systematics of extant and fossil Aclopinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Neita‐Moreno

Agraín

Eberle

et al. 2019

Systematic Entomology

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“…The posture of the elytra during flight also varies among species and should affect flight performance. Closed elytra during flight are associated, in scarab beetles, with targeting ephemeral resources such as dung and flowers [48]. Such variation in diel activity and elytra position within the subfamilies (electronic supplementary material, S3) is circumvented in our study by focusing on two beetle species (P. cuprea and S. puncticollis) that share similarity in body size, flapping kinematics, diurnal activity and elytra opening, despite having their ancestors diverged about 160 Ma to different lineages specializing on targeting different food resources [31].…”

Section: Wing Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological diversification has led to inter-specific variation in elastic wing deformation during flight in scarab beetles

et al. 2020

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Insect wing shapes and the internal wing-vein arrangement are remarkably diverse. Although the wings lack intrinsic musculature to adjust shape actively, they elastically deform due to aerodynamic and inertial loads during flapping. In turn, the deformations alter the shape of the wing profile affecting the aerodynamic force. To determine how changes in wing-vein arrangement affect elastic wing deformation during free flight, we compared elastic wing deformations between free-flying rose chafers ( Protaetia cuprea ) and dung beetles ( Scarabaeus puncticollis ), complementing the comparison with wing static bending measurements. The broader relevance of the results to scarab beetle divergence was examined in a geometric morphometric (GM) analysis of wing-vein arrangement in 20 species differing in phylogeny and ecology. Despite rose chafers and dung beetles demonstrating similar flapping kinematics and wing size, the rose chafer wings undergo greater elastic deformation during flapping. GM analyses corrected for phylogenetic relatedness revealed that the two beetles represent extremes in wing morphology among the scarab subfamilies. Most of the differences occur at the distal leading edge and the proximal trailing edge of the wing, diversifying the flexibility of these regions, thereby changing the pattern of elastic wing deformation during flapping. Changes to local wing compliance seem to be associated with the diversification of scarab beetles to different food sources, perhaps as an adaptation to meet the demands of diverse flight styles.

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“…They have shown that the initial radiation was connected with the appearance of some new and profuse resources, but it was often followed by some resource change (Mckenna et al, 2015;Gunter et al, 2016). However, the main phylogenetic clades proved to be fairly ancient (Cunha et al, 2011;Davis et al, 2017) and the effects of the glacial-interglacial cycles were only reflected in infraspecific differentiation or commencing allopatric speciation (Lee et al, 2015;Šípek et al, 2016;Vondráček et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic relationships in the genus Lethrus (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) reveal contrasting evolutionary history in Europe

Tóth

Bereczki

Rácz

et al. 2019

Systematic Entomology

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In this study we analysed for the first time the phylogenetic relationships among the European Lethrus species based on mitochondrial (COI, 16S) and nuclear (H3, wingless) markers. The phylogenetic inference based on these genes indicated that the European Lethrus species form a monophyletic group with two main lineages. One of them is distributed in the central part of the Balkan Peninsula (North Macedonia, northwestern Greece and southwestern Bulgaria) and includes five species (L. perun, L. raymondi, L. strymonensis, L. halkidikiensis and L. elephas). Three species of the other clade (L. schaumii, L. ares and L. schneideri) occur in the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula (southeastern Bulgaria and northeastern Greece) while its fourth member, L. apterus, could colonize much larger areas in central and eastern Europe. Despite its large geographic distribution, L. apterus proved to be a single species. By contrast, we found strong intraspecific differentiation in both L. schaumii and L. halkidikiensis in spite of their restricted distribution. Surprisingly, two highly divergent mitogroups were also detected within a single L. schneideri population. As the microsatellite markers did not show any differentiation between them, this finding is likely to be accounted for by a unidirectional hybridization event. These findings highlight that phylogenetic studies or species descriptions should not be based on mitochondrial markers alone. Our study clearly demonstrates that allopatric speciation is the most important speciation mechanism in the European species of the genus Lethrus, although we also hypothesize that other well‐known factors, such as hybridization or the glacial‐interglacial dynamics, could significantly affect the speciation patterns of certain lineages.

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A molecular phylogeny of rose chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) reveals a complex and concerted morphological evolution related to their flight mode

Cited by 34 publications

References 51 publications

On the phylogenetic position and systematics of extant and fossil Aclopinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

On the phylogenetic position and systematics of extant and fossil Aclopinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Morphological diversification has led to inter-specific variation in elastic wing deformation during flight in scarab beetles

Phylogenetic relationships in the genus Lethrus (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) reveal contrasting evolutionary history in Europe

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