A molecular phylogeny of antarctic chironomidae and its implications for biogeographical history

Allegrucci, Giuliana; Carchini, Gianmaria; Todisco, Valentina; Convey, Peter; Sbordoni, Valerio

doi:10.1007/s00300-005-0056-7

Cited by 105 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Thus, the existence and location of potential refuge regions remain hypothetical (Convey 2003a). Nevertheless, evidence is increasing for the presence of an ancient and vicariant biota, such as species of endemic midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) whose age of evolutionary separation has been estimated using a 'molecular clock' approach at 20-40 Myr, in keeping with the opening of the Drake Passage (Allegrucci et al 2006). It is also clear that many Antarctic nematodes are endemic to either the continental or maritime Antarctic, strongly suggesting that they are glacial survivors rather than post-glacial colonists (Andrássy 1998;Maslen & Convey 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal variability across life's hierarchies in the terrestrial Antarctic

Chown

Convey

2007

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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189

197

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Antarctica and its surrounding islands lie at one extreme of global variation in diversity. Typically, these regions are characterized as being species poor and having simple food webs. Here, we show that terrestrial systems in the region are nonetheless characterized by substantial spatial and temporal variations at virtually all of the levels of the genealogical and ecological hierarchies which have been thoroughly investigated. Spatial variation at the individual and population levels has been documented in a variety of genetic studies, and in mosses it appears that UV-B radiation might be responsible for within-clump mutagenesis. At the species level, modern molecular methods have revealed considerable endemism of the Antarctic biota, questioning ideas that small organisms are likely to be ubiquitous and the taxa to which they belong species poor. At the biogeographic level, much of the relatively small ice-free area of Antarctica remains unsurveyed making analyses difficult. Nonetheless, it is clear that a major biogeographic discontinuity separates the Antarctic Peninsula and continental Antarctica, here named the 'Gressitt Line'. Across the Southern Ocean islands, patterns are clearer, and energy availability is an important correlate of indigenous and exotic species richness, while human visitor numbers explain much of the variation in the latter too. Temporal variation at the individual level has much to do with phenotypic plasticity, and considerable lifehistory and physiological plasticity seems to be a characteristic of Antarctic terrestrial species. Environmental unpredictability is an important driver of this trait and has significantly influenced life histories across the region and probably throughout much of the temperate Southern Hemisphere. Rapid climate change-related alterations in the range and abundance of several Antarctic and subAntarctic populations have taken place over the past several decades. In many sub-Antarctic locations, these have been exacerbated by direct and indirect effects of invasive alien species. Interactions between climate change and invasion seem set to become one of the most significant conservation problems in the Antarctic. We conclude that despite the substantial body of work on the terrestrial biodiversity of the Antarctic, investigations of interactions between hierarchical levels remain scarce. Moreover, little of the available information is being integrated into terrestrial conservation planning, which lags far behind in this region by comparison with most others.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal variability across life's hierarchies in the terrestrial Antarctic

Chown

Convey

2007

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

Self Cite

189

197

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“…The use of mtDNA sequence for chironomid identification has been recognized as a useful tool to resolve the problems of morphological identification [11,16] . Moreover, the application of mtDNA, particularly the COI and Cytb genes, in inferring the phylogeny and genetic divergence of chironomid species have been investigated by several groups [12,25] with the conclusion that the mtDNA COI gene can be used effectively to investigate the phylogenetic relationship among the chironomid species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Study of Phylogenetic Relationship of Rice Field Chironomidae (Diptera) Inferred From DNA Sequences of Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I

Al‐Shami¹,

Aziza²,

Rawi³

et al. 2009

American J. of Applied Sciences

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Problem statement: Chironomidae have been recorded in rice fields throughout the world including in many countries such as India, Australia and the USA. Although some studies provide the key to genera level and note the difficulty of identifying the larvae to species level. Chironomid researches have been hindered because of difficulties in specimen preparation, identification, morphology and literature. Systematics, phylogenetics and taxonomic studies of insects developed quickly with emergence of molecular techniques. These techniques provide an effective tool toward more accurate identification of ambiguous chironomid species. Approach: Samples of chironomids larvae were collected from rice plots at Bukit Merah Agricultural Experimental Station (BMAES), Penang, Malaysia. A 710 bp fragment of mitochondrial gene Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I (COI) was amplified and sequenced. Results: Five species of Chironomidae; three species of subfamily Chironominae, Chironomus kiiensis, Polypedilum trigonus, Tanytarsus formosanus, two species of subfamily Tanypodinae, Clinotanypus sp and Tanypus punctipennis were morphologically identified. The phylogenetic relationship among these species was been investigated. High sequence divergence was observed between two individuals of the presumed C. kiiensis and it is suggested that more than one species may be present. However the intraspecific sequence divergence was lower between the other species of Tanypodinae subfamily. Interestingly, Tanytarsus formosanus showed close phylogenetic relationship to Tanypodinae species and this presumably reflect co-evolutionary traits of different subfamilies. Conclusion: The sequence of the mtDNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene has proven useful to investigate the phylogenetic relationship among the ambiguous species of chironomids.

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“…showed that the length of hydrocarbons increased in desiccated larvae of B. antarctica, but this change was only slight and there was no change in the number of hydrocarbons. Eretmoptera murphyi is closely related to B. antarctica (Allegrucci et al 2006;Allegrucci et al 2012) and may therefore possess similar physiological adaptations. We speculate that the initial composition and change in the cuticle layer is more biased towards a greater number and length of hydrocarbons in H. borealis than either Antarctic dipteran.…”

Section: Desiccation Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting strategies of resistance vs. tolerance to desiccation in two polar dipterans

et al. 2014

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Low water availability is one of the principal stressors for terrestrial invertebrates in the polar regions, determining the survival of individuals, the success of species and the composition of communities. The Arctic and Antarctic dipterans Heleomyza borealis and Eretmoptera murphyi spend the majority of their biennial life cycles as larvae, and so are exposed to the full range of environmental conditions, including low water availability, over the annual cycle. In the current study, the desiccation resistance and desiccation tolerance of larvae were investigated, as well as their capacity for crosstolerance to temperature stress. Larvae of H. borealis showed high levels of desiccation resistance, only losing 6.9% of their body water after 12 days at 98.2% relative humidity (RH). In contrast, larvae of E. murphyi lost 46.7% of their body water after 12 days at the same RH. Survival of E. murphyi larvae remained high in spite of this loss ( 80% survival). Following exposure to 98.2% RH, larvae of E. murphyi showed enhanced survival at (188C for 2 h. The supercooling point of larvae of both species was also lowered following prior treatment at 98.2% RH. Cross-tolerance to high temperatures (37 or 38.58C) was not noted following desiccation in E. murphyi, and survival even fell at 378C following a 12-day pre-treatment. The current study demonstrates two different strategies of responding to low water availability in the polar regions and indicates the potential for cross-tolerance, a capacity which is likely to be beneficial in the ever-changing polar climate.

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A molecular phylogeny of antarctic chironomidae and its implications for biogeographical history

Cited by 105 publications

References 28 publications

Spatial and temporal variability across life's hierarchies in the terrestrial Antarctic

Spatial and temporal variability across life's hierarchies in the terrestrial Antarctic

Preliminary Study of Phylogenetic Relationship of Rice Field Chironomidae (Diptera) Inferred From DNA Sequences of Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I

Contrasting strategies of resistance vs. tolerance to desiccation in two polar dipterans

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