A molecular palaeobiological hypothesis for the origin of aplacophoran molluscs and their derivation from chiton-like ancestors

Vinther, Jakob; Sperling, Erik A.; Briggs, Derek E. G.; Peterson, Kevin J.

doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.1773

Cited by 98 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…In fact, the topology by Medina et al (2011) contradicted by all phylogenomic and other approaches that include nuclear rather than mitochondrial genes. In contrast, topologies recovered by recent phylogenomic studies (Kocot et al 2011(Kocot et al , 2013Smith et al 2011) and a study based on housekeeping genes (Vinther et al 2011) all are compatible with the backbone topology of the tree presented by Schrödl et al (2011a).…”

Section: Molecular Approachessupporting

confidence: 84%

Flashback and foreshadowing—a review of the taxon Opisthobranchia

et al. 2013

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Opisthobranchia have experienced an unsettled taxonomic history. At the moment their taxonomy is in state of dramatic flux as recent phylogenetic studies have revealed traditional Opisthobranchia to be paraphyletic or even polyphyletic, allocating some traditional opisthobranch taxa to other groups of Heterobranchia, e.g. Pulmonata. Here we review the history of Opisthobranchia and their subgroups, explain their traditionally proposed relationships, and outline the most recent phylogenetic analyses based on various methods (morphology, single gene and multiple gene analyses, as well as genomic data). We also present a phylogenetic hypothesis on Heterobranchia that, according to the latest results, represents a consensus and is the most probable one available to date. The proposed phylogeny supports the Acteonoidea outside of monophyletic Euthyneura, the basal euthyneuran split into Nudipleura (Nudibranchia plus Pleurobranchoidea) and the recently established taxon Tectipleura. The latter divides into the Euopisthobranchia, containing most of the major traditional opisthobranch clades, and the Panpulmonata, with a mix of the former opisthobranch, putative allogastropod and pulmonate taxa. This "new euthyneuran tree" rejects the traditional taxa Opisthobranchia and Pulmonata, and, in particular, has profound implications for preconceived textbook scenarios of opisthobranch and pulmonate evolution, which must now be reconsidered. In the absence of systematic barriers, research communities-which have traditionally investigated marine and non-marine heterobranchs separately-need to interact and finally merge for the sake of science.

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Section: Molecular Approachessupporting

confidence: 84%

Flashback and foreshadowing—a review of the taxon Opisthobranchia

et al. 2013

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“…Here, the aplacophoran taxa (Solenogastres and Caudofoveata) and Polyplacophora are of particular interest because they supposedly constitute the most basal extant mollusk lineages (Salvini-Plawen 2003;Haszprunar et al 2008;Todt et al 2008b), or alternatively a sister group to the remaining mollusks, the Conchifera (most recently: Kocot et al 2011;Smith et al 2011;Vinther et al 2011). In addition, our standard of knowledge about aplacophoran mollusks is especially low because of the great diYculties to collect them (Salvini-Plawen 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative neuroanatomy of Caudofoveata, Solenogastres, Polyplacophora, and Scaphopoda (Mollusca) and its phylogenetic implications

et al. 2012

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The nervous system of invertebrates is considered to be a very conservative organ system and thus can be helpful to elucidate questions of phylogenetic relationships. Up to now, comparative neuroanatomical studies have been mainly focused on arthropods, where in-depth studies on major brain structures are abundant. In contrast, except for Gastropoda and Cephalopoda, the nervous system of representatives of the second largest phylum of invertebrates, the Mollusca, is as yet hardly investigated. We therefore initiated an immunohistochemical survey to contribute new neuroanatomical data for several molluscan taxa, especially the lesser known Caudofoveata, Solenogastres, Polyplacophora, and Scaphopoda, focusing on the cellular architecture and distribution of neurotransmitters in the brain. Antisera against the widespread neuroactive substances FMRFamide and serotonin were used to label subsets of neurons. Both antisera were additionally used in combination with acetylated -tubulin and the nuclear marker DAPI. This enables us to describe the morphology of the nervous system at a Wne resolution and to compare its cellular architecture between diVerent species of one taxon, as well as between diVerent taxa of mollusks. On the basis of these results, the nervous system of caudofoveates seems to be most highly derived within the so-called basal (non-conchiferan) mollusks, and a monophyly of a clade Aplacophora could not be conWrmed. In general, the brain as well as the remaining nervous system of the molluscan taxa investigated shows a great variability, suggesting a deep time origin of the diversiWcation of this prominent protostome clade.

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“…The comparably high (i.e., >16%) genetic distances on the 16S rRNA sequences between the identified morphospecies at present supports the hypothesis of them being independently evolving lineages. Due to the low number of sequences of genetically distant lineages within this wormmollusc clade with hypothesized Paleozoic origin (Vinther et al, 2012), our barcode dataset currently does not allow for meaningful molecular species delineation. Tree-based approaches (as, e.g., GMYC; Pons et al, 2006;Monaghan et al, 2009) analyzing the transition point between the speciation and coalescent processes on an ultrametric gene tree are largely hampered by the inclusion of singletons (80% in our dataset).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abyssal Solenogastres (Mollusca, Aplacophora) from the Northwest Pacific: Scratching the Surface of Deep-Sea Diversity Using Integrative Taxonomy

et al. 2017

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Solenogastres (Aplacophora) is a small clade of marine, shell-less worm-molluscs with close to 300 valid species. Their distribution ranges across all oceans, and whereas the vast majority of species has been collected and described from the continental shelf and slope, only few species are known from depths below 4,000 m. Following traditional taxonomy, identification of specimens to species level is complex and time-consuming and requires detailed investigations of morphology and anatomy-often resulting in the exclusion of the clade in biodiversity or biogeographic studies. During the KuramBio expedition (Kuril-Kamchatka Biodiversity Studies) to the abyssal plain of the Northwest Pacific and the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench, 33 solenogaster specimens were sampled from 4,830 m to 5,397 m. Within this study we present an efficient workflow to address solenogaster diversity, even when confronted with a high degree of singletons and minute body sizes, hampering the use of single individuals for multiple morphological and molecular approaches. We combine analyses of external characters and scleritome with molecular barcoding based on a self-designed solenogaster specific set of mitochondrial primers. Overall we were able to delineate at least 19 solenogaster lineages and identify 15 species to family level and beyond. Based on our approach we identified three key lineages from the two regionally most species-rich families (Acanthomeniidae and Pruvotinidae) for deeper taxonomic investigations and describe the novel abyssal species Amboherpia abyssokurilensis sp. nov. (Cavibelonia, Acanthomeniidae) using microanatomical 3D-reconstructions. Our study more than doubles the previous records of solenogaster species from the Northwest Pacific and its marginal seas. Almost all lineages are reported for the first time from the region of the (Northwest) Pacific, vastly expanding distribution ranges of the respective clades. Moreover it doubles the number of Solenogastres collected from abyssal depths on a global scale and underlines the lack of exploratory α-diversity work in the abyssal zone for reliable species estimates in marine biodiversity.

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A molecular palaeobiological hypothesis for the origin of aplacophoran molluscs and their derivation from chiton-like ancestors

Cited by 98 publications

References 64 publications

Flashback and foreshadowing—a review of the taxon Opisthobranchia

Flashback and foreshadowing—a review of the taxon Opisthobranchia

Comparative neuroanatomy of Caudofoveata, Solenogastres, Polyplacophora, and Scaphopoda (Mollusca) and its phylogenetic implications

Abyssal Solenogastres (Mollusca, Aplacophora) from the Northwest Pacific: Scratching the Surface of Deep-Sea Diversity Using Integrative Taxonomy

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