A Molecular Framework for Plant Regeneration

Abstract

Plants and some animals have a profound capacity to regenerate organs from adult tissues. Molecular mechanisms for regeneration have, however, been largely unexplored. Here we investigate a local regeneration response in Arabidopsis roots. Laser-induced wounding disrupts the flow of auxin-a cell-fate-instructive plant hormone-in root tips, and we demonstrate that resulting cell-fate changes require the PLETHORA, SHORTROOT, and SCARECROW transcription factors. These transcription factors regulate the expression and polar position of PIN auxin efflux-facilitating membrane proteins to reconstitute auxin transport in renewed root tips. Thus, a regeneration mechanism using embryonic root stem-cell patterning factors first responds to and subsequently stabilizes a new hormone distribution.

Divide and conquer: development and cell cycle genes in plant transformation

“…PIN proteins were proposed to restrict PLT expression in the basal embryo region to initiate root primordium formation, whereas PLT genes maintain PIN transcription to stabilize the position of the distal-stem cell niche [10]. In laser-ablated Arabidopsis roots, a concerted change in expression domains of PLT, SHORTROOT (SHR) and SCARECROW (SCR) signal the new PIN polarity, which re-establishes auxin transport and facilitates the regeneration process [47].…”

Evidence for a sorting endosome in Arabidopsis root cells

“…The remaining transmembrane and cytosolic domain of BP80 retains all the trafficking signals required for normal routing of the protein, and is a bona fide PVC reporter when constitutively over-expressed in BY-2 cells (Tse et al, 2004). Localization of GFP/YFP fusion proteins has been shown to correlate with that of the native proteins (Tse et al, 2004;Xu et al, 2006). It is reasonable to consider that the behaviour of fluorescent proteins reflects the genuine location and dynamics of endogenous proteins, although we cannot exclude the possibility that the fluorescent-tagged proteins might have altered location or stability.…”

Osmotic stress stimulates shoot organogenesis in callus of rice (Oryza sativa L.) via auxin signaling and carbohydrate metabolism regulation

“…The auxin efflux carrier gene family, PIN-formed (PINs), is the key factor for auxin polar transport (Petrásek et al 2006;Wang et al 2009). PIN gene expression may represent auxin accumulation level (Xu et al 2006;Huang et al 2010). OsPIN1 is detected in rice calli (Xu et al 2006) and is related to organogenesis Wang et al 2009).…”

“…Again, many studies have been indicated the expression levels of plant hormone-responsive genes could represent the endogenous levels of hormones (Mason et al 2005;Xu et al 2006;Huang et al 2010;Shih et al 2010). The auxin efflux carrier gene family, PIN-formed (PINs), is the key factor for auxin polar transport (Petrásek et al 2006;Wang et al 2009).…”