A molecular beam study of the evaporation of water from a liquid jet

Faubel, Manfred; Schlemmer, S.; Toennies, J. P.

doi:10.1007/bf01384861

Cited by 238 publications

(291 citation statements)

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“…The temperature as well as thermodynamic properties of the beam in vacuum can be characterized well, as has been shown by us and others [5]. The pumping conditions and the vacuum have to be arranged in such a way that the mean free path for photoelectrons in collisions with surrounding solvent molecules in the vicinity of the beam is minimized [7]. For the EUV spectral range (50-100 eV) the escape depth z of photoelectrons from the interface of the liquid beam is on the order of a few monolayers [35].…”

Section: Time-resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy Near Liquid Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…In addition to the element specificity, the technique can also provide information about an element's chemical environment or oxidation state. Due to the technical and conceptual problems with (volatile) liquids in vacuum, liquid phase (high pressure) ESCA is much less well established [3][4][5][6][7][8] than XPS at solid state surfaces. Only after Faubel et al developed the liquid beam technique in vacuum also volatile liquids like water could be investigated with photoelectron spectroscopy in vacuum [5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Esca and Photoelectron Spectroscopy Near Liquid Interfaces Xmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the technical and conceptual problems with (volatile) liquids in vacuum, liquid phase (high pressure) ESCA is much less well established [3][4][5][6][7][8] than XPS at solid state surfaces. Only after Faubel et al developed the liquid beam technique in vacuum also volatile liquids like water could be investigated with photoelectron spectroscopy in vacuum [5][6][7][8]. Since then, the chemical shift in the static ESCA approach has also been a particularly powerful observable for probing electron densities and molecular orbital energies in different liquid molecular environments [9,10].…”

Section: Esca and Photoelectron Spectroscopy Near Liquid Interfaces Xmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrafast electronic spectroscopy for chemical analysis near liquid water interfaces: concepts and applications

et al. 2009

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Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) being conceptually a photoelectron spectroscopy is established as a chemically specific probe mostly for surface analysis. Liquid phase ESCA for volatile liquids has become possible through the development of the liquid microjet technique in vacuum enabling the measurement of liquid interface photoelectron emission at the high vapor pressure of volatile liquids. Recently we have been able to add the dimension of time to the liquid interface ESCA technique employing high-harmonics soft X-ray and UV/near IR femtosecond pulses in combination with liquid water micro beams in vacuum. The concepts as well as technical details are outlined and several characteristic applications are high-

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Section: Time-resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy Near Liquid Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Esca and Photoelectron Spectroscopy Near Liquid Interfaces Xmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Esca and Photoelectron Spectroscopy Near Liquid Interfaces Xmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrafast electronic spectroscopy for chemical analysis near liquid water interfaces: concepts and applications

et al. 2009

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“…The acidic solution N K-edge spectra are expected to behave identically to the zwitterion. 22 To overcome the technical difficulties inherent in studying volatile liquids, and to avoid the problems associated with radiation damage to the sample, we have exploited the technology of liquid microjets originally developed by Faubel et al 24 and further developed by Wilson et al [25][26][27][28] Extensive density functional theory calculations were performed with a commercial software package 29 to make spectral assignments and to analyze the effect of pH on the electronic structure of aqueous proline, diglycine, and lysine. To our knowledge, this is the first such study of these systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Hydration Environments of Amino Acids and Dipeptides Studied by X-ray Spectroscopy of Liquid Microjets

et al. 2005

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The nitrogen K-edge spectra of aqueous proline and diglycine solutions have been measured by total electron yield near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy at neutral and high pH. All observed spectral features have been assigned by comparison to the recently reported spectrum of aqueous glycine and calculated spectra of isolated amino acids and hydrated amino acid clusters. The sharp preedge resonances at 401.3 and 402.6 eV observed in the spectrum of anionic glycine indicate that the nitrogen terminus is in an "acceptor-only" configuration, wherein neither amine proton is involved in hydrogen bonding to the solvent, at high pH. The analogous 1s f σ* NH preedge transitions are absent in the NEXAFS spectrum of anionic proline, implying that the acceptor-only conformation observed in anionic glycine arises from steric shielding induced by free rotation of the amine terminus about the glycine CN bond. Anionic diglycine solutions exhibit a broadened 1s f π* CN resonance at 401.2 eV and a broad shoulder resonance at 403 eV, also suggesting the presence of an acceptor-only species. Although this assignment is not as unambiguous as for glycine, it implies that the nitrogen terminus of most proteins is capable of existing in an acceptor-only conformation at high pH. The NEXAFS spectrum of zwitterionic lysine solution was also measured, exhibiting features similar to those of both anionic and zwitterionic glycine, and leading us to conclude that the R amine group is present in an acceptor-only configuration, while the end of the butylammonium side chain is fully solvated.

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“…From the deposited energy per volume of the liquid and the heat capacities we estimated the temperatures of the heated liquids. 67 What has to be kept in mind is that temperatures of the water and methanol jets prior to heating by the IR-pump pulse are different and depend upon the liquid, the distance from the nozzle exit and the diameter of the jet ( 53,56 probe pulse overlap on the jet at a distance of 1-2 mm from the nozzle exit.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen bond dynamics of superheated water and methanol by ultrafast IR-pump and EUV-photoelectron probe spectroscopy

Vöhringer‐Martinez

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Lugovoy

et al. 2014

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Supercritical water and methanol have recently drawn much attention in the field of green chemistry. It is crucial to an understanding of supercritical solvents to know their dynamics and to what extent hydrogen (H) bonds persist in these fluids. Here, we show that with femtosecond infrared (IR) laser pulses water and methanol can be heated to temperatures near and above their critical temperature T c and their molecular dynamics can be studied via ultrafast photoelectron spectroscopy at liquid jet interfaces with high harmonics radiation. As opposed to previous studies, the main focus here is the comparison between the hydrogen bonded systems of methanol and water and their interpretation by theory. Superheated water initially forms a dense hot phase with spectral features resembling those of monomers in gas phase water. On longer timescales, this phase was found to build hot aggregates, whose size increases as a function of time. In contrast, methanol heated to temperatures near T c initially forms a broad distribution of aggregate sizes and some gas. These experimental features are also found and analyzed in extended molecular dynamics simulations. Additionally, the simulations enabled us to relate the origin of the different behavior of these two hydrogen-bonded liquids to the nature of the intermolecular potentials. The combined experimental and theoretical approach delivers new insights into both superheated phases and may contribute to understand their different chemical reactivities.

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A molecular beam study of the evaporation of water from a liquid jet

Cited by 238 publications

References 11 publications

Ultrafast electronic spectroscopy for chemical analysis near liquid water interfaces: concepts and applications

Ultrafast electronic spectroscopy for chemical analysis near liquid water interfaces: concepts and applications

Local Hydration Environments of Amino Acids and Dipeptides Studied by X-ray Spectroscopy of Liquid Microjets

Hydrogen bond dynamics of superheated water and methanol by ultrafast IR-pump and EUV-photoelectron probe spectroscopy

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