A molecular-beam apparatus with a spray-jet technique for studying neutral non-volatile molecules

Study on the interaction between different solute molecules in a molecular beam produced by the spray-jet technique: an application to dendrimer/dye system

“…A detailed description of the molecular beam apparatus with a spray-jet technique has been published elsewhere [9]. The inlet system consists of an ultrasonic nebulizer, an inlet chamber with a heating unit and drains, and a pulsed nozzle with a heating unit.…”

“…Each chamber was separately evacuated with an appropriate turbo molecular pump. The difference between the present molecular beam apparatus and that described in [9] is that the first chamber (chamber A in [9]) is evacuated at a pumping speed of 50 l/s with a turbo molecular pump rather than at a pumping speed of 370 l/min with a rotary pump.…”

“…However, these techniques are not suitable for characterization of neutral non-volatile molecules, using spectroscopic methods such as REMPI and LIF. In this context, a molecular beam apparatus that uses the spray-jet technique has been developed in Chemical Physics Letters 379 (2003) 458-465 www.elsevier.com/locate/cplett our laboratory for spectroscopic studies of neutral non-volatile molecules, consisting of (1) a sample inlet system with an ultrasonic nebulizer, an inlet chamber, and a pulsed nozzle, (2) a set of skimmers, and (3) a high-vacuum chamber equipped with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS) [9,10]. This technique enables us to produce a molecular beam of neutral non-volatile molecules from a sprayed mist of a sample solution and is therefore compatible with various spectroscopic techniques.…”

“…In our previous work [9], we reported REMPI-TOFMS and REMPI excitation spectra obtained successfully with the spray-jet technique for acetone solutions of 4 0 -n-pentyl-4-cyanobiphenyl (5CB) and 4-dicyanomethylene-2-methyl-6-p-dimethylaminostyryl-4H-pyran (DCM), which are well-known neutral non-volatile molecules. Moreover, we also performed studies on molecular clusters composed of a neutral non-volatile solute molecule (1,5-dihydroxy naphthalene) and solvent molecules (water, methanol and acetone), which resulting from a hydrogen bonding association [11].…”

Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS) Measurements of Cyanine Dye Films Fabricated by Solution Jet Beam Deposition Method

“…The apparatus used in this work was based on the cluster jet apparatus for studying liquid clusters prepared by the ejection of liquid into vacuum [6]. Recently similar other techniques have also been reported with applications to polymers [7,8], DNA [9], liquid crystals [10], and thermally unstable materials [11].…”