A modular LCA/LCC-modelling concept for evaluating material and process innovations in carbon fibre manufacturing

Groetsch, Thomas; Creighton, Claudia; Varley, Russell J.; Kaluza, Alexander; Dér, Antal; Cerdas, Felipe; Herrmann, Christoph

doi:10.1016/j.procir.2021.01.146

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The effect of this carbon increase and the formation of the turbostratic structure ultimately resulted in improved mechanical properties, particularly, tensile strength and modulus, which were 3.53 and 252.97 GPa, respectively . The mass density of the fiber significantly increased with the progress of crosslinking and aromatization of the heterocyclic rings, as well as the formation of an organized network through repacking of basal planes. , During this process, the mass of the fiber was reduced to approximately 55% compared to its initial weight per unit length, which places the overall yield of the carbon fiber production process (without sizing) in the range of reported values. , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…47,54 During this process, the mass of the fiber was reduced to approximately 55% compared to its initial weight per unit length, which places the overall yield of the carbon fiber production process (without sizing) in the range of reported values. 19,25 3.2. Gaseous Emissions Occurring throughout the Carbon Fiber Transformation Process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ko used a small-scale production setup to analyze the gases evolved during a continuous stabilization process. Similar to previous examples, NH 3 , HCN, H 2 O, CO 2 , and CO were mentioned as emissions and were treated in incinerators to break down the hazardous components further and comply with environmental regulations …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar to previous examples, NH 3 , HCN, H 2 O, CO 2 , and CO were mentioned as emissions and were treated in incinerators to break down the hazardous components further and comply with environmental regulations. 25 Most of the studies presented here were either based on the results derived using a laboratory bench-top process or did not mention the experimental scale and often were based on past literature values using old technology. As technology, production equipment, and precursors have improved over the years, a detailed investigation of emissions during carbon fiber production utilizing state-of-the-art equipment can provide valuable insight into the current environmental impact while providing new approaches for further improvements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gas Emission Study of the Polyacrylonitrile-Based Continuous Pilot-Scale Carbon Fiber Manufacturing Process

Groetsch

Maghe

Rana

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Despite the many positive aspects of carbon fiber arising from its light-weighting potential, high cost and related environmental impact may inhibit even wider usage of the material in future. The need to incinerate gaseous emissions generated during manufacture significantly contributes to both eco-impact and cost, while information regarding these emissions on a production line scale is lacking due to the confidentiality behind commercial carbon fiber manufacturing. A detailed assessment of the evolved gases generated during carbon fiber production and the underlying mechanisms using a state-of-the-art production scale research facility and in situ Fourier transform infrared gas analysis is reported for the first time. A commercially available polyacrylonitrile precursor was converted into carbon fibers, analyzing the most significant exhaust gases from each production step. To identify and quantify the evolved gases during transformation from the precursor to carbon fibers, the evolution of the chemical composition and mass throughout the process was studied. The emissions of HCN, NH3, CO, and CH4 were analyzed and correlated with the changing elemental composition of the processed fibers. Changes in the concentration of specific elements in the fibers were shown to be mirrored by the composition of the gaseous emissions, and responsible chemical mechanisms were introduced.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Gas Emission Study of the Polyacrylonitrile-Based Continuous Pilot-Scale Carbon Fiber Manufacturing Process

Groetsch

Maghe

Rana

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Module werden daher innerhalb des Produktsystems definiert und beschreiben Gate-to-Gate-Prozesse oder Lebenszyklusphasen, die durch Einheitsprozesse modelliert werden können, z.B. [30], oder fassen die Komponenten des Produktes zusammen, z.B. [23].…”

Section: Modulare Lca Für Die Handhabung Von Prozess-und Produktvaria...unclassified

Potentials of integrating MBSE and LCA to handle uncertainties and variants in early design stages

Inkermann¹

2022

DS 119: Proceedings of the 33rd Symposium Design for X (DFX2022)

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There is an increasing need to support the evaluation of the environmental impacts of product concepts in early desig stages. However, the application of Life Cycle Assessment is challenged by the complexity of modern products and a lack of data consistency. This paper indicates basic potentials of integrating Model-based Systems Engineering and Life Cycle Assessement by systematically reviewing the uncertainties in the first two phases of an LCA as well as challenges in handling of product variants and differing use cases. To ensure more efficient application and data handling a first concept for the methodical integration as well as the integration of data is proposed. Based on the analysis and initial concept fields for futher research are derived.

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Exploring potential diffusion pathways of biorefinery innovations—An agent‐based simulation approach for facilitating shared value creation

Wenger,

Jäger,

Näyhä

et al. 2024

Bus Strat Env

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In many European countries with plentiful forest resources, novel forest‐based businesses play a key role in the transition from our current fossil‐based economy towards a circular bioeconomy. For example, kraft lignin, a by‐product from the pulping industry, is produced in large amounts globally. To date, however, it is still only offered on the market by a small number of pulping companies. The successful innovation diffusion of related new technologies and businesses requires establishing a collective effort among multiple societal actors to motivate the sharing of value creation processes. In this paper, potential innovation diffusion pathways are modeled and simulated by means of an agent‐based approach (Biorefinery Products Innovation Diffusion model, BioPID). The paper investigates the conditions needed to encourage the diffusion of kraft lignin innovations as a (partial) replacement for fossil‐based feedstock in selected applications. The results reveal the basic mechanisms behind potential innovation diffusion pathways. The major barriers were found to be the high level of uncertainty surrounding the additional costs arising in lignin processing, the small number of lignin providers, and the presence of relatively homogeneous pricing strategies based on opportunity and basic preparation costs. The analysis of two product categories revealed different patterns in terms of innovation diffusion and potential greenhouse gas emissions. A novelty of BioPID is that it allows for iterative technology evaluation and technology foresight analysis of biorefinery projects (e.g., by combining techno‐economic, socio‐technical, and environmental aspects). This produces knowledge for diverse stakeholders involved in the lignin innovation ecosystem, thus enabling better communication on shared values and furthering innovation diffusion.

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A modular LCA/LCC-modelling concept for evaluating material and process innovations in carbon fibre manufacturing

Cited by 24 publications

References 17 publications

Gas Emission Study of the Polyacrylonitrile-Based Continuous Pilot-Scale Carbon Fiber Manufacturing Process

Gas Emission Study of the Polyacrylonitrile-Based Continuous Pilot-Scale Carbon Fiber Manufacturing Process

Potentials of integrating MBSE and LCA to handle uncertainties and variants in early design stages

Exploring potential diffusion pathways of biorefinery innovations—An agent‐based simulation approach for facilitating shared value creation

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