A Modular Approach for the Synthesis of Nanostructured Hybrid Materials with Tailored Properties: The Simultaneous Twin Polymerization

Löschner, Tina; Mehner, Alexander; Grund, Silke; Seifert, Andreas; Pohlers, Andreas; Lange, A.; Cox, Gerhard; Hähnle, Hans-Joachim; Spange, Stefan

doi:10.1002/anie.201108011

Cited by 35 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Dr matrix is classified as co-simultaneous twin polymerization (Scheme 1). [35] The twin monomers (A-C, B-C) are either prepared before use [30,32,33] or they are synthesized in situ in an one-pot synthesis, referred to as in situ twin polymerization. [34] Here, we report on the use of bismuth(III) tert-butoxide and vanadium(V) oxytri(tert-butoxide) in the presence of polymerizable 2-methoxybenzyl alcohol and 2,4-dimethoxybenzyl alcohol and nonpolymerizable2 -(2-thienyl)iso-propyl alcohol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonaqueous Synthesis of a Bismuth Vanadate Photocatalyst By Using Microwave Heating: Photooxidation versus Photosensitized Decomposition in Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalysis

et al. 2015

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A new synthetic route to monoclinic bismuth vanadate using a concept adapted from a nonaqueous synthesis strategy for nanostructured organic–inorganic hybrid materials and metal oxides, introduced recently as twin polymerization, is reported. Microwave‐assisted synthesis starting from bismuth(III) tert‐butoxide and vanadium(V) oxytri(tert‐butoxide) in the presence of 2‐methoxybenzyl alcohol, 2,4‐dimethoxybenzyl alcohol, and 2‐(2‐thienyl)iso‐propyl alcohol gave hybrid materials, which were characterized by solid‐state 13C NMR spectroscopy, CH analysis, atomic absorption spectroscopy, and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. Subsequent pyrolysis resulted in nanoscale monoclinic bismuth vanadate that showed a high photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic decomposition of model pollutants such as rhodamine B (RhB), methyl orange, methylene blue, and orange G under visible‐light irradiation using the as‐prepared bismuth vanadate samples was studied with a focus on the influence of the agglomeration behavior. The interplay between the photooxidation of RhB, induced by the excitation of the catalyst using visible light, and the photosensitized decomposition pathway is demonstrated by degradation experiments in solution and the solid state.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonaqueous Synthesis of a Bismuth Vanadate Photocatalyst By Using Microwave Heating: Photooxidation versus Photosensitized Decomposition in Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalysis

et al. 2015

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“…However, organotin compounds such as those used in the study (tributylphenyltin or tributylstannane) should be avoided in future industrial applications because of their toxic nature. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] The different materials are cross-linked in the hybrid material, which prevents phase separation and leads to bicontinuous networks with domain sizes of a few nanometers. Previously, the preparation of hybrid materials composed of tin oxide, silica, and a phenolic resin by the use of the simultaneous twin polymerization route starting from novel tin(IV) alkoxides was reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tin Nanoparticles in Carbon/Silica Hybrid Materials by the Use of Twin Polymerization

et al. 2014

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Simultaneous twin polymerization was used to synthesize hybrid materials composed of tin oxide, silica, and a phenolic resin starting from a mixture of 2,2′‐spirobi[4H‐1,3,2‐benzodioxasiline] (Si‐spiro) with either the tin(IV) alkoxides 2,2′‐spirobi[4H‐1,3,2‐benzodioxastannine] (A), 2,2′‐spirobi[6‐methyl‐4H‐1,3,2‐benzodioxastannine] (B), and 2,2′‐spirobi[6‐methoxy‐4H‐1,3,2‐benzodioxastannine] (C) or the novel tin(II) alkoxides tin(II)‐2‐(oxidomethyl)‐4‐methoxyphenolate (D) and tin(II)‐2‐(oxidomethyl)‐5‐methoxyphenolate (E). In addition, the twin polymerization of the twin monomer Si‐spiro in the presence of tin‐containing additives, such as Sn(OtBu)4, Sn(OnBu)2, Sn(OAc)4, and Sn(OAc)2, was investigated for comparison. The as‐prepared hybrid materials were characterized using solid‐state NMR spectroscopy (13C, 29Si, 119Sn) and high‐angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy, and were finally converted under Ar/H2 atmosphere at 600 °C to tin nanoparticles (10–200 nm) in porous carbon/silica hybrid materials (Sn/C/SiO2) with BET surface areas up to 352 m2 g−1.

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“…To cover all different scenarios the term of "simultaneous twin polymerization (STP)" (see Scheme 12 ) has been introduced. [ 46 ] Depending on whether the two TMs contain identical structural units or not, two different classifi cations are applied. In the case of different organic and inorganic moieties of monomer A-C and monomer B-D up to four homopolymers can be formed in a STP.…”

Section: Simultaneous Twin Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Twin Polymerization—a New Principle for Hybrid Material Synthesis

Ebert

Seifert

Spange

2015

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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104

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Twin polymerization is a novel modular approach for the synthesis of hybrid materials. Using this strategy two distinct polymers of either inorganic or organic nature are produced from a single source monomer in a mechanistically coupled process. Twin polymerization is an elegant way for producing nanostructured organic-inorganic hybrid materials of composition and morphology on demand. The main objective of this Review is the explanation of the principle of various twin polymerization processes and their appropriate terminologies. Different types of twin polymerization are classified with respect to the underlying processes as described in individual examples, demonstrating its potential in material synthesis. Prospects of the synthetic methodology of twin polymerization are demonstrated for different molecular structures of twin monomers and the resulting hybrid materials. A comparison with other scenarios for the synthesis of two different polymers within one procedure is included.

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A Modular Approach for the Synthesis of Nanostructured Hybrid Materials with Tailored Properties: The Simultaneous Twin Polymerization

Cited by 35 publications

References 22 publications

Nonaqueous Synthesis of a Bismuth Vanadate Photocatalyst By Using Microwave Heating: Photooxidation versus Photosensitized Decomposition in Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalysis

Nonaqueous Synthesis of a Bismuth Vanadate Photocatalyst By Using Microwave Heating: Photooxidation versus Photosensitized Decomposition in Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalysis

Tin Nanoparticles in Carbon/Silica Hybrid Materials by the Use of Twin Polymerization

Twin Polymerization—a New Principle for Hybrid Material Synthesis

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