A Modular 1 mm$^{3}$ Die-Stacked Sensing Platform With Low Power I$^{2}$C Inter-Die Communication and Multi-Modal Energy Harvesting

Lee, Yoonmyung; Bang, Suyoung; Lee, Inhee; Kim, Yejoong; Kim, Gyouho; Ghaed, Mohammad Hassan; Pannuto, Pat; Dutta, Prabal; Sylvester, Dennis; Blaauw, David

doi:10.1109/jssc.2012.2221233

Cited by 179 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This battery maintained a steady output at 1.14 V at a current density of 20 µA cm -2 after exposed to the enzyme solution for 19.3 h. The power offered (22.8 µW cm -2 ) may fulfill the requirements for average consumption of published wireless implantable sensing systems (<0.5 V, <0.5 µW). [43] It was also noted that the battery in PBS electrolyte at 37 °C demonstrated a much lower capacity too, only ~21 % of that obtained at room temperature. It can be ascribed to the accelerated Mg dissolution rate and significant increase of hydrogen evolution induced at high temperature.…”

Section: Enzymatic Degradation Of Sf-ppy Filmmentioning

confidence: 97%

Toward Biodegradable Mg–Air Bioelectric Batteries Composed of Silk Fibroin–Polypyrrole Film

Jia

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2016

Adv Funct Materials

103

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Biodegradable active implantable devices can be used to diagnose and/or treat disease and eventually disappear without surgical removal. If an "external" energy source is required for effective operation then a biocompatible and biodegradable battery would be ideal. In this study, a partially biodegradable Mg-air bioelectric battery (biobattery) is demonstrated using a silk fibroin-polypyrrole (SF-PPy) film cathode coupled with bioresorbable Mg alloy anode in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) electrolyte. PPy is chemically coated onto one side of the silk substrate. SF-PPy film shows a conductivity of ≈1.1 S cm−1 and a mild catalytic activity toward oxygen reduction. It degrades in a concentrated buffered protease XIV solution, with a weight loss of 82% after 15 d. The assembled Mg-air biobattery exhibits a discharge capacity up to 3.79 mA h cm−2 at a current of 10 μA cm−2 at room temperature, offering a specific energy density of ≈4.70 mW h cm−2. This novel partially biodegradable battery provides another step along the route to biodegradable batteries. Abstract:Biodegradable active implantable devices can be used to diagnose and/or treat disease and eventually disappear without surgical removal. If an "external" energy source is required for effective operation then a biocompatible and biodegradable battery would be ideal. In this study, a partially biodegradable Mg-air bioelectric battery (bio-battery) was demonstrated using a silk fibroin-polypyrrole (SF-PPy) film cathode coupled with bioresorbable Mg alloy anode in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) electrolyte. Polypyrrole (PPy) is chemically coated onto one side of the silk substrate. SF-PPy film shows a conductivity of ~1.1 S cm -1 and a mild catalytic activity towards oxygen reduction. It degrades in a concentrated buffered 2 protease XIV solution, with a weight loss of 82% after 15 days. The assembled Mg-air biobattery exhibit a discharge capacity up to 3.79 mA h cm -2 at a current of 10 µA cm -2 at room temperature, offering a specific energy density of ∼4.70 mW h cm -2 . This novel partially biodegradable battery provides another step along the route to biodegradable batteries.

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Section: Enzymatic Degradation Of Sf-ppy Filmmentioning

confidence: 97%

Toward Biodegradable Mg–Air Bioelectric Batteries Composed of Silk Fibroin–Polypyrrole Film

Jia

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2016

Adv Funct Materials

103

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“…shows an I 2 C variant that reduces power consumption by using output keepers instead of resistors [8]. However, it includes custom drivers, ratioed logic, and delay chains that require design margin and post-silicon tuning.…”

Section: Conventional Serial Busesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, a modular design approach that enables extensive reuse of chip modules is a key to fully address its application space. The recently introduced millimeterscale modular sensing platform [8] is designed to exploit layered IC structure to maximize modularity as shown in Fig. 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MBus: A Fully Synthesizable Low-power Portable Interconnect Bus for Millimeter-scale Sensor Systems

Lee¹,

Kuo

Pannuto

et al. 2016

JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science

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Abstract-This paper presents a fully synthesizable low power interconnect bus for millimeter-scale wireless sensor nodes. A segmented ring bus topology minimizes the required chip real estate with low input/output pad count for ultra-small form factors. By avoiding the conventional open drain-based solution, the bus can be fully synthesizable. Low power is achieved by obviating a need for local oscillators in member nodes. Also, aggressive power gating allows low-power standby mode with only 53 gates powered on. An integrated wakeup scheme is compatible with a power management unit that has nW standby mode. A 3-module system including the bus is fabricated in a 180 nm process. The entire system consumes 8 nW in standby mode, and the bus achieves 17.5 pJ/bit/chip.

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“…An ideal system would contain a large number of tiny sensors distributed within an environmental sensing domain providing real-time spatio-temporal distributed environmental data. Over recent years technology has evolved rapidly, with enormous advances in electronics enabling the development of miniature sensing devices [11] to collect environmental data-thereby creating the opportunity to utilize these devices in the environmental research, and for many environmental applications, a large number of these sensors are needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Describing environmental phenomena variation using entropy theory

Mahbub

Souza

Williams

2017

Int J Data Sci Anal

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We propose a novel approach for calculating an air temperature entropy of environment over a region using concepts from statistical mechanics. The proposed method is intended for use in analysing spatially distributed environmental data. Spatially distributed environmental time-series temperature data from an atmospheric model have been used to illustrate this approach. Our results show that entropy reveals the underlying structure of a data distribution for which a standard statistical analysis may be insufficient.

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A Modular 1 mm$^{3}$ Die-Stacked Sensing Platform With Low Power I$^{2}$C Inter-Die Communication and Multi-Modal Energy Harvesting

Cited by 179 publications

References 13 publications

Toward Biodegradable Mg–Air Bioelectric Batteries Composed of Silk Fibroin–Polypyrrole Film

Toward Biodegradable Mg–Air Bioelectric Batteries Composed of Silk Fibroin–Polypyrrole Film

MBus: A Fully Synthesizable Low-power Portable Interconnect Bus for Millimeter-scale Sensor Systems

Describing environmental phenomena variation using entropy theory

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