A modified Wacker catalysis using heteropolyacid: Interaction of heteropolyanion with Cu(II) in cyclohexene oxidation

Mechanism of Catalytic Oxidation of Styrenes with Hydrogen Peroxide in the Presence of Cationic Palladium(II) Complexes

“…Despite recent advances, − many challenges remain. The Wacker process for aerobic oxidation of ethylene to acetaldehyde with palladium chloride/copper chloride is a textbook example of industrial oxidation of an alkene; however, this catalyst system is typically less effective for alkenes other than ethylene. , Efforts to replace the copper salts with other electron-transfer mediators to facilitate the reoxidation of Pd(0) have been met with some success, − as have efforts to employ alternative oxidants. − …”

Oxidative dehydrogenation of cyclohexene on atomically precise subnanometer Cu4−nPdn (0 ≤ n ≤ 4) tetramer clusters: the effect of cluster composition and support on performance

“…In the presence of Pd(NO 3 ) 2 /CuSO 4 , the cyclohexene conversion was 13 % with 50% selectivity to cyclohexanone. 60 61 In our recent study of the same reaction of cyclohexene ODH on subnanometer copper it was demonstrated that the rate of benzene production can be boosted by an order of magnitude by changing the support. 22 Palladium atoms and dimers, as well as clusters and nanoparticles, in addition to be very potent combustion catalysts, showed high activity in dehydrogenation reactions as well, such as nanodiamond- graphene supported Pd 3 exceeding the performance of Pd nanoparticles and palladium singleatoms Pd 1 in ethylbenzene dehydrogenation to styrene 62 or Pd 1 six times more active than 1-2 nm Pd particles in the dehydrogenation of propane.…”

“…In the presence of Pd(NO 3 ) 2 /CuSO 4 , the cyclohexene conversion was 13% with 50% selectivity to cyclohexanone. 60 Tierney et al showed that separated Pd atoms on a Cu support are surrounded by Cu and are electronically identical to Cu. 61 In our recent study of the same reaction of cyclohexene ODH on subnanometer copper, it was demonstrated that the rate of benzene production can be boosted by an order of magnitude by changing the support.…”

Transiting from Adipic Acid to Bioadipic Acid. 1, Petroleum-Based Processes

“…101 Partial hydrogenation of phenol over Pd/Al 2 O 3 catalysts modified with alkali or alkali earth materials is one of the most selective methods for manufacturing cyclohexanone. 105 Cyclohexanone can be also prepared by various other methods (recall Figure 2), such as oxygenation of cyclohexene, 52,398 or via the diol by dihydroxylation of cyclohexene with molecular oxygen, 46 followed by a base-induced elimination. 399 LPO of cyclohexene to cyclohexanone in air at 70 °C using a PdBr 2 / CuCl 2 catalyst in a microemulsion medium yields III in low yields (30% conversion, 30% selectivity).…”

“…Cyclohexanone can be also prepared by various other methods (recall Figure ), such as oxygenation of cyclohexene, , or via the diol by dihydroxylation of cyclohexene with molecular oxygen, followed by a base-induced elimination . LPO of cyclohexene to cyclohexanone in air at 70 °C using a PdBr 2 /CuCl 2 catalyst in a microemulsion medium yields III in low yields (30% conversion, 30% selectivity) .…”