A modified Tessari method for producing more foam

Abstract

This study aimed to develop a modified Tessari method for producing more sclerosing foam in treatment of extensive venous malformations. Sclerosing foam was produced by using Tessari method and the modified Tessari method. The procedure of the later was as follows: prepared foam in a sclerosant–air ratio of 1:4; connected three disposable 10 ml syringes to two medical three-way taps; drawn 4 ml of liquid sclerosant into one syringe and 16 ml averagely of air into the other two; then moved the plungers of all syringes back and forth for 20 times to produce sclerosing foam. The volume and foam half time (FHT) of foam produced by the two methods were compared. The average volume of sclerosing foam produced by Tessari method and the modified Tessari method were 9.8 and 19.7 ml, and assessed to have statistical difference. The FHT of foam produced by the two methods were 120 and 150 s, and assessed to have statistical difference. In conclusion, the modified Tessari method could produce more fresh and stable sclerosing foam.

Effect of Hyaluronic Acid and Pluronic-F68 on the Surface Properties of Foam as a Delivery System for Polidocanol in Sclerotherapy

“…In fact, the spontaneous formation of double emulsions with POL have also been reported recently by Dinache et al [35]. They mixed in a proportion 1:1 STS 10% solution and vitamin A oily solution (20 Concerning the impact of additives on the structure and bubble size, we calculated the mean bubble size of POL by ImageJ, providing a mean diameter of DPOL = (52 ± 10) μm (Figure 3A). This corresponded to the outer diameter of larger bubbles, which can be clearly outlined.…”

“…In fact, the spontaneous formation of double emulsions with POL have also been reported recently by Dinache et al [35]. They mixed in a proportion 1:1 STS 10% solution and vitamin A oily solution (20 Foam samples were produced with the double syringe method standardized protocol (1:4 liquid/air, 50 cycles, 0.9% NaCl, and 20 • C). Values plotted are mean values of three independent measurements, and standard deviations according to statistical tools showed significant differences between all samples (p < 0.05).…”

“…One of the most used techniques is the method of Tessari, which involves mixing the sclerosing solution with room air using a double syringe system connected by a three-way stop cock [18]. Modifications of this method include addition of filters, constrictions [19], or coupling of three syringes [20], while other methods include mechanical agitation [21] or the recent Varithena unit based on pressurized gas [5]. However, the original method of Tessari is still widely applied by medical practitioners and has been extensively used for foam characterization studies [8,22].…”

Macroglossia and outcome of severity based treatment regime

“…Foam STS was prepared using the modified Tessari method. 15 No complication related to sclerosant was observed in current investigation.…”

Foam‐in‐vein: A review of rheological properties and characterization methods for optimization of sclerosing foams

“…These techniques—although effective in producing a homogenous foam—lack the capability to make more than 10 ml of foam at a time, which may be a requirement for treatment of extensive lesions. Due to this bottleneck, a modified Tessari method (Figure 4c) has been proposed which is capable of delivering 20 ml of foam at a time (Xu, Wang, Chen, Wang, & Liu, 2016). Additionally, Bai et al (2018, 2019) has created a laboratory‐made automated machine to produce Tessari foam under constant pump speed and cycling rates in order to eliminate variability in foam properties (Figure 4d).…”