A modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method with hydrophobic natural deep eutectic solvent as extractant and analyte protectant for analyzing pyrethroid residues in tomatoes

Abstract

In this work, a novel quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe technique with hydrophobic natural deep eutectic solvent as both extractant and analyte protectant was developed and combined with gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry to analyze pyrethroid residues in tomatoes. Eight hydrophobic natural deep eutectic solvents were first evaluated as analyte protectants and those with decanoic acid or lactic acid as hydrogen bond donor were demonstrated to be effective in compensating for the matrix effects of pyrethroids in the gas chromatography system. Hence, they were added to solvent standards for correcting the quantitation errors instead of matrix‐matched calibration standards. Then the abilities of these acid‐based deep eutectic solvents to extract pyrethriods from tomatoes were evaluated. Results showed the recoveries of all pyrethroids reached to over 80% with only 5 mL menthol:decanoic acid (1:1) used, and good phase separation was easily achieved without the addition of inorganic salt in the extraction step, indicating hydrophobic natural deep eutectic solvent could be a green substitute for acetonitrile in the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction. Compared with the conventional method, the proposed protocol improved the recoveries, reduced the matrix effects, and simplified the extraction step, demonstrating to be an effective, fast, and green method.

A modified quick‐easy‐cheap‐effective‐rugged‐and‐safe method involving carbon nano‐onions‐based dispersive solid‐phase extraction and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for pesticides from grapes

“…Pesticides were selected based on several previous studies in Iran that claimed their presence in some fruit and vegetable samples [30]. In this approach, despite the previously QuEChERS methods, the pesticide contents of grape pulp are extracted by ACN as an extraction solvent which is used as a dispersive solvent in the following preconcentration method [31,32]. After the DSPE step, a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) method was used for more concentration of the analytes to reach high enrichment factors (EFs).…”

Ultrasound‐assisted dispersive liquid‐phase microextraction by solidifying L‐menthol‐decanoic acid hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents for detection of five fungicides in fruit juices and tea drinks

“…To overcome the drawback of the collection procedure, the method of solidifying the DES-rich phase more interests scientists [19]. Recently, menthol-decanoic acid DESs are more favored by scientific workers thanks to their natural low toxicity, high compatibility with instruments [20], and almost no loss of quality in the extraction system [21]. Moreover, these DESs are used in detection of various environmental pollutants such as benzophenone-type UV filters [22], parabens [23], antidepressants [19], and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [24].…”