A modified Nafion membrane with in situ polymerized polypyrrole for the direct methanol fuel cell

Smit, Mascha A.; Ocampo, Ana Lilia; Espinosa-Medina, M. A.; Sebastián, P.J.

doi:10.1016/s0378-7753(03)00730-4

Cited by 105 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In summary, the changes observed in the FTIR spectra indicated the presence of -SO 3 H groups. 1 H NMR was employed in order to rationalize the observed effects (Fig. 3).…”

Section: B Ftir Study Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fuel cells, due to their high efficiency, low environmental impact and flexible application, have been gaining much attention as a promising alternative to replace conventional fossil fuel systems [1]. In fact, several types of fuel cells have been commercialized, such as proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) which utilizes hydrogen as fuel [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sulfonated Polystyrene Copolymer: Synthesis, Characterization and Its Application of Membrane for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC)

Mulijani¹,

Dahlan²,

Wulanawati³

2014

IJMMM

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Abstract-A novel Sulfonated Polystyrene (PSS) has been synthesized by sulfonation polystyrene waste for a comparative study of proton exchange membranes (PEM) that is intended for fuel cell applications. The degree of sulfonation (DS) of the sulfonated PS was determined using titration method. We systematically investigated the water uptake, proton conductivity, and methanol permeability of the cross-linked membranes. The mass averaged molecular weights Mw of PSS was estimated from intrinsic viscosities measured in sulfuric acid solutions. A related homopolymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The structures of PSS were elucidated, and the effect of sulfonation level on the PSS FT-IR spectrum was studied. PSS membrane surface morphology was investigated by SEM and AFM.The highest of proton conductivity of the membrane in the temperature range of 25-750C was found to be 3.8 µS/cm Index Terms-AFM, FT-IR, fuel cell, polystyrene sulfonated, SEM.

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“…In summary, the changes observed in the FTIR spectra indicated the presence of -SO 3 H groups. 1 H NMR was employed in order to rationalize the observed effects (Fig. 3).…”

Section: B Ftir Study Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfonated Polystyrene Copolymer: Synthesis, Characterization and Its Application of Membrane for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC)

Mulijani¹,

Dahlan²,

Wulanawati³

2014

IJMMM

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“…In order to reduce the methanol permeability within the poly-® and Nafion/PVA meric matrix, great efforts have been made to modify Nafion ® or preparing new hybrid cation-exchange membranes containing ionic functionalized inorganic fillers [3,4]. Composite membranes using a wide variety of materials such as Pd alloy [5], polypyrrole [6], polyaniline [7], silica [8], sepiolite [9], SEBS [10], PVA [11,12], etc., have been studied. Although those fillers can provide properties as methanol barriers by increasing tortuosity, the fillers would also have a dual function: (a) enhancement of the water retention and (b) increase of the ion-exchange capacity (IEC) of the membranes, two characteristics which favors the proton conductivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Methanol Permeability through Pristine Nafion® and Nafion/PVA Membranes Measured by Different Techniques. A Comparison of Methodologies

et al. 2011

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Methanol crossover through polymer electrolyte membranes is a critical issue and causes an important reduction of performance in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Measuring the evolution of CO2 gas in the cathode is a common method to determine the methanol crossover under real operating conditions, although an easier and simpler method is preferable for the screening of membranes during their step of development. In this sense, this work has been focused on the ex situ characterization of the methanol permeability in novel nanofiber‐reinforced composite Nafion/PVA membranes for DMFC application by means of three different experimental procedures: (a) potentiometric method, (b) gas chromatography technique, and (c) measuring the density. It was found that all these methods resulted in comparable results and it was observed that the incorporation of the PVA nanofiber phase within the Nafion® matrix causes a remarkable reduction of the methanol permeability. The optimal choice of the most suitable technique depends on the accuracy expected for the methanol concentration, the availability of the required instrumental, and the complexity of the procedure.

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“…The addition of salts leads to the formation of complex between salts and chitosan matrix, and also enhancement of its amorphous nature [93]. Plasticization is able to increase the amorphous content and thus improves the conductivity of a solid polymer electrolyte Nafion/Pd-Ag alloy [57] Poly vinyl sulfonic acid (PVS) [4] plasma-etched membrane, [58] Sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) (BPSH) [59] Pd-sputtered membrane, plasma etched and Pd-sputtered membrane Nafion W with montmorillonite (MMT) and MMT containing dodecylamine (m-MMT) membranes [60] Poly p-Styrene carboxylic (SCA) [4] Nafion W /polypyrrole [61] Dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) [4] Nafion W /polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) [62] Polyphosphazene (PPh) [63,64] Nafion W /phosphotungstic acid-impregnated silicon dioxide (SiO2/PWA), [65,66] Polybenzimidazole (PBI) [67,68] Nafion…”

Section: Chitosan Membrane For Dmfcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in application of chitosan in fuel cells

Vaghari

Jafarizadeh‐Malmiri

Berenjian

et al. 2013

sustain chem process

101

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Fuel cells are electrochemical devices which convert chemical energy into electrical energy. Fuel cells have attracted attention due to their potential as a promising alternative to traditional power sources. More recently, efficient and environmentally benign biopolymer "chitosan" have been extensively investigated as a novel material for its application in fuel cells. This biopolymer can be used in both membrane electrolyte and electrode in various fuel cells such as alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells, direct methanol fuel cells and biofuel cells. This review provides an overview of main available fuel cells following by application of chitosan as novel biopolymer in fuel cells technology. Recent achievements are included and recommendations are also given for areas of future research.

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A modified Nafion membrane with in situ polymerized polypyrrole for the direct methanol fuel cell

Cited by 105 publications

References 22 publications

Sulfonated Polystyrene Copolymer: Synthesis, Characterization and Its Application of Membrane for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC)

Sulfonated Polystyrene Copolymer: Synthesis, Characterization and Its Application of Membrane for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC)

On the Methanol Permeability through Pristine Nafion® and Nafion/PVA Membranes Measured by Different Techniques. A Comparison of Methodologies

Recent advances in application of chitosan in fuel cells

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