A modified interaction parameter formalism for non-dilute solutions

Pelton, Arthur D.; Bale, C. W.

doi:10.1007/bf02665320

Cited by 127 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…24,25) However, it fails sometimes to reproduce experimental data, particularly for those cases of 1) a highly concentrated region or 2) containing strong deoxidizer such as Al, Ca and Mg. In order to solve these problems in a thermodynamically sound way, Pelton and Bale [26][27][28] developed Unified Interaction Parameter Formalism (UIPM) which modifies Wagner formalism 23,24) and Darken formalism. 29) Moreover, in order to reproduce the deoxidation phenomena when strong deoxidizing elements exist, Jung et al 30) proposed the use of associates such as Al*O, Ca*O, Si*O etc.…”

Section: Liquid Steelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inclusions Chemistry for Mn/Si Deoxidized Steels: Thermodynamic Predictions and Experimental Confirmations

2004

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Inclusions chemistry of Mn/Si deoxidized steel was studied through both thermodynamic computation and experimental method. The computational thermodynamics has proved to provide a powerful tool for controlling inclusions and precipitates in steel. For Mn/Si deoxidized steels, important factors in determining the liquidus temperature and primary phase of the inclusions are MnO/SiO 2 ratio and Al 2 O 3 content in inclusions. Provided that no further interaction with steel matrix during cooling, inclusions having MnO/SiO 2 mass% ratio near unity and Al 2 O 3 content in the range of 10-20 mass% give low liquidus temperatures (1150-1200°C) and primary phases of MnSiO 3 and Mn 3 Al 2 Si 3 O 12 both which are soft. For the case of MnϩSiϭ1.0 in mass%, the Mn/Si ratio of 2-5 meets the above conditions. Effect of the top slag on the inclusions chemistry can be predicted with accuracy, and hence it is possible to control the inclusions chemistry through proper design of the top slag composition so that the inclusions show a low liquidus temperature and soft primary phase. As the inclusions composition gradually changes with time toward the top slag composition, the length of refining time which determines the extent of reaction with the top slag is an important factor in determining the inclusions chemistry.KEY WORDS: inclusion; Mn/Si deoxidation; metal-inclusion reaction; the CaO-MnO-SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 system; computational thermodynamics. namic computations, a thermodynamic database for slag and inclusion, which was optimized by the present authors, [19][20][21] was used, and all calculations were performed using the FactSage thermochemical software. 22) Thermodynamic Basis-Models and Database Liquid SteelMost investigators have used interaction parameter formalism developed by Wagner 23) and extended by Sigworth and Elliot. 24) This formalism has been widely used in metallurgy to calculate activity/activity coefficients of solutes in liquid steel. Many experiments have been conducted to evaluate interaction parameters among metallic elements, O, C, S, N etc. in molten iron and are well documented in the literature. 24,25) However, it fails sometimes to reproduce experimental data, particularly for those cases of 1) a highly concentrated region or 2) containing strong deoxidizer such as Al, Ca and Mg. In order to solve these problems in a thermodynamically sound way, Pelton and Bale 26-28) developed Unified Interaction Parameter Formalism (UIPM) which modifies Wagner formalism 23,24) and Darken formalism. 29) Moreover, in order to reproduce the deoxidation phenomena when strong deoxidizing elements exist, Jung et al. 30) proposed the use of associates such as Al*O, Ca*O, Si*O etc. in molten iron with UIPM. This UIPM with associates shows excellent agreement between calculation and experiments for deoxidation phenomena in liquid steel with a few model parameters. 30) Therefore, UIPM with associates was used to describe thermodynamic properties for liquid steel. All interaction parameters required for deoxidation of Mn, ...

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Section: Liquid Steelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inclusions Chemistry for Mn/Si Deoxidized Steels: Thermodynamic Predictions and Experimental Confirmations

2004

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“…(7) and (8). The model is used to define the various experimental information of the Mn-Fe-C system, and the resulting equations are solved by multiple regression analysis to determine the interaction parameters.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This requirement can be met by using a solution model that the partial solution property of one component is represented as the dependent of the other. This study adopts the Unified Interaction Parameter (UIP) model proposed by Bale and Pelton 8,9) as it is thermodynamically consistent at all composition ranges and satisfies the Gibbs-Duhem relationship.…”

Section: Unified Interaction Parameter (Uip) Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equations for ln g solvent and ln g i for each solute by UIP model 8,9) are expanded as follows when the first-and second-order interaction parameters are retained: For the Mn-Fe-C system, Mn is taken as solvent and C as solute, and the activity coefficients are represented as follows: …”

Section: Unified Interaction Parameter (Uip) Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A determination of the values for individual g C and g Mn , however, requires another information. The Unified Interaction Parameter (UIP) model proposed by Bale and Pelton 8,9) is thermodynamically valid at all compositions and satisfies the Gibbs-Duhem relationship. This study correlates the UIP model with the experimental data to determine the individual solution properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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