A modified in vitro larvae migration inhibition assay using rumen fluid to evaluate Haemonchus contortus viability

Whitney, T. R.; Lee, A.E.; Klein, D.R.; Scott, Cody B.; Craig, T.M.; Muir, James P.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.10.050

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Considering that air drying reduced total volatile oil in J. pinchotii (Adams, 2010) and Juniperus monosperma (Utsumi et al, 2006), it can be concluded that drying the juniper in the current study with forced heated air (26 to 31°C) volatilized much of the volatile oil, resulting in the diets containing low volatile oil concentrations (Table 2). Total CT concentration in the ground juniper (6% DM basis; Table 1) is similar to previously reported values for air-dried J. pinchotti leaves (5.5% DM basis; Whitney and Muir, 2010) and oven-dried juniper leaves and small stems (7.3% DM basis; Whitney et al, 2011).…”

Section: Chemical Composition and Digestibility Of Individual Ingredisupporting

confidence: 89%

Effects of using ground redberry juniper and dried distillers grains with solubles in lamb feedlot diets: Growth, blood serum, fecal, and wool characteristics1

Whitney¹,

Lupton²,

Muir³

et al. 2014

Journal of Animal Science

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Effects of using ground redberry juniper and dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) in Rambouillet lamb (n = 45) feedlot diets on growth, blood serum, fecal, and wool characteristics were evaluated. In a randomized design study with 2 feeding periods (Period 1 = 64% concentrate diet, 35 d; Period 2 = 85% concentrate diet, 56 d), lambs were individually fed 5 isonitrogenous diets: a control diet (CNTL) that contained oat hay but not DDGS or juniper or DDGS-based diets in which 0 (0JUN), 33 (33JUN), 66 (66JUN), or 100% (100JUN) of the oat hay was replaced by juniper. During Period 1, lambs fed CNTL had greater (P < 0.05) DMI and ADG and tended to have greater (P < 0.10) G:F than lambs fed 0JUN or lambs fed DDGS-based diets. Lamb DMI, ADG, and G:F quadratically increased (P < 0.008) as juniper increased in the DDGS-based diets. During Period 2, lambs fed CNTL had greater (P < 0.05) DMI than lambs fed 0JUN or lambs fed DDGS-based diets, but ADG was similar (P > 0.41). Compared to 0JUN, lambs fed CNTL had similar (P = 0.12) G:F and tended to have less G:F (P = 0.07) than lambs fed DDGS-based diets. Among lambs fed DDGS-based diets, DMI was similar (P > 0.19), ADG increased linearly (P = 0.03), and G:F tended to decrease quadratically (P = 0.06) as juniper increased in the diet. Serum IGF-1, serum urea N (SUN), and fecal N were greater (P < 0.05) and serum Ca and P and fecal P were similar (P > 0.13) for lambs fed CNTL vs. lambs fed DDGS-based diets (CNTL). Within lambs fed DDGS-based diets, SUN increased quadratically (P = 0.01) and fecal N increased linearly (P = 0.004), which can partially be attributed to increased dietary urea and condensed tannin intake. Most wool characteristics were not affected, but wool growth per kilogram of BW decreased quadratically (P = 0.04) as percentage of juniper increased in the DDGS-based diets. When evaluating the entire 91-d feeding trial, results indicated that replacing all of the ground oat hay with ground juniper leaves and stems in lamb growing and finishing diets is not detrimental to animal performance and that DDGS-based diets can reduce total feedlot costs, as compared to sorghum grain and cottonseed meal-based diets. However, compared to using juniper or oat hay as the sole roughage source, using both during the growing period (Period 1) enhanced growth performance and further reduced total feedlot costs.

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Section: Chemical Composition and Digestibility Of Individual Ingredisupporting

confidence: 89%

Effects of using ground redberry juniper and dried distillers grains with solubles in lamb feedlot diets: Growth, blood serum, fecal, and wool characteristics1

Whitney¹,

Lupton²,

Muir³

et al. 2014

Journal of Animal Science

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“…Consistent with the report of Whitney et al . , the present study reveals that tannic acid has a dose‐ and time‐dependent effect on the viability of H. contortus . Although concentrations of tannic acid greater than 3000 μg/mL effectively inhibited H. contortus viability, it is impracticable to maintain final concentrations of tannic acid in abomasum of sheep higher than 3000 μg/mL, as most of the herbage ingested by ruminants contains 20–100 g condensed tannins/kg DM, and only half of the ingested tannins can reach the abomasum .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Effects of tannic acid on Haemonchus contortus larvae viability and immune responses of sheep white blood cells in vitro

Zhong

Liu

Zhou

2014

Parasite Immunology

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Direct inhibitory effects of tannic acid on Haemonchus contortus viability were studied in vitro using the larval migration inhibition (LMI) assay. Sheep white blood cells (WBC) were preincubated with 5 and 50 lg/mL tannic acid or not followed by whole H. contortus antigen (WHA). Cells were harvested at 24 h post-incubation to test host immune responses. Concentrations of 50, 100, 500, 1000, 3000 and 5000 lg/mL tannic acid inhibited larvae migration by 19.8, 42.4, 46.3, 92.0, 93.7 and 100%, respectively, within 96 h post-incubation (P < 0.001). The relative mRNA levels of interferon (IFN)-c, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 and IL-10 were increased by WHA stimulation without tannic acid. However, the increased effects on IFN-c and IL-2 were inhibited by tannic acid preincubation (P < 0.001), while the increases in IL-4 and IL-10 were greatly enhanced by tannic acid preincubation (P < 0.001). Changes in protein levels of all cytokines essentially paralleled the changes in their corresponding mRNA levels. In conclusion, tannic acid is directly harmful to larvae in a dose- and time-dependent manner and modulates immune responses of sheep WBC stimulated by H. contortus antigen by inhibiting Th1 cytokines and increasing Th2 cytokine expression in vitro.

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“…Similar overall results for SCFA concentrations have been indicated in a similar in vitro fermentation system using a goat ruminal fluid inoculum ( Whitney et al, 2011 ). The two experimental goat bloodlines used in this study have been previously investigated, which found numerically higher ruminal SCFA concentrations in HJC goats fed a juniper-containing diet vs. LJC goats exhibiting an increased adaption to juniper diets ( Stewart et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Impact of concentrations of camphor on the in vitro mixed ruminal microorganism fermentation from goats selected for consumption of low and high levels of Juniperus spp.-2

Seidel

Walker²,

Musser

et al. 2022

Translational Animal Science

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The microbial population in the gastrointestinal tract of ruminant animals aids in the utilization of forages with high levels of secondary plant compounds. Two divergent bloodlines of meat goats have been selected by screening fecal samples with near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy to assess the goat’s consumption of high or low levels of Juniperus sp. leaves containing several monoterpenes, including camphor. The mechanism by which these goats can consume greater concentrations of Juniperus spp. leaves than their counterparts is unclear, and therefore, this study was designed to determine if differences existed between the ruminal microbial populations of the low and high juniper-consuming bloodlines (LJC vs. HJC) by analyzing their ruminal microbiota and fermentation end-products. In the present study, concentrations (0.00, 0.5, 0.99, 1.97, or 5.91 mM) of camphor were added to mixed ruminal microorganism fermentation. Five LJC and five HJC goats were fed a juniper-free diet (n = 10) and five LJC and five HJC goats (n = 10), were fed a diet that contained 30% fresh J. ashei leaves for 21 days prior to ruminal fluid collection. In vitro fermentations used LJC and HJC, ruminal fluid inoculum added (33% v/v) to anoxic media in sealed Balch tubes. Camphor increased (P < 0.05) total short-chain fatty acid concentrations for all but one experimental group. Between the main dietary and bloodline goat effects, the diet was significant for all short-chain fatty acid results except butyrate. In contrast, bloodline was only significant for acetate and butyrate molar proportions. Rumen fluid from juniper-free-fed goats exhibited greater concentrations of Ruminococcaceae, whereas juniper-fed goats contained more Coriobacteriaceae. Results demonstrated that mixed ruminal microorganisms fermentations from high juniper consuming goats did not produce greater concentrations of short-chain fatty acids or have the ability to degrade camphor at a higher rate than did that from low juniper consuming goats. Results suggest that camphor tolerance from J. ashei, was related to hepatic catabolic mechanisms instead of ruminal microbial degradation however; further in vivo work is warranted.

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A modified in vitro larvae migration inhibition assay using rumen fluid to evaluate Haemonchus contortus viability

Cited by 10 publications

References 56 publications

Effects of using ground redberry juniper and dried distillers grains with solubles in lamb feedlot diets: Growth, blood serum, fecal, and wool characteristics1

Effects of using ground redberry juniper and dried distillers grains with solubles in lamb feedlot diets: Growth, blood serum, fecal, and wool characteristics1

Effects of tannic acid on Haemonchus contortus larvae viability and immune responses of sheep white blood cells in vitro

Impact of concentrations of camphor on the in vitro mixed ruminal microorganism fermentation from goats selected for consumption of low and high levels of Juniperus spp.-2

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