A modified fractal‐shaped slotted patch antenna with defected ground using metasurface for dual band applications

Abstract

A novel modified fractal‐shaped slotted patch antenna employing metasurface at bottom plane along with partial ground has been proposed in this work for dual band applications with significant gain. A 4 × 5 order metasurface has been formed in the ground plane by introducing a periodic combination of two L‐type patches with centered C‐type shaped patch. The top conductor and the ground plane are designed on a 1.6 mm thick FR4 dielectric with the dimension of 28 × 28 mm2. The antenna is designed in such a way that it operates over the dual frequency ranges viz., 1.80 to 5.70 GHz and 10.38 to 10.94 GHz. The maximum return loss of 21 dB has been achieved over 2.60 GHz while the maximum realized gain of 7.16 dBi has been obtained at 10.92 GHz. The designed antenna offers omnidirectional radiation characteristics in the first band while directional radiation characteristics have been observed in the second band. The proposed antenna can be utilized for WiMAX 3.5/5.5 GHz, mobile, radio astronomy, and microimaging in medical analysis.

Design of a 16‐beam pattern‐reconfigurable antenna for vehicular environment

“…It is found that the highest efficiency of an antenna is 83%, and 81% for the range of 2.4‐2.66 and 3.31‐3.57 GHz, respectively. Larger bandwidth coverage of 270 and 360 MHz at 2.4‐ and 3.5‐GHz band, respectively, when compared to a narrow operating bandwidth of fewer than 200 MHz was reported in References , , , and The efficiency reported in this research work is 83% which is higher than the efficiency reported in References , , , , and . A total of 16 different beams are produced by the proposed antenna with reduced complexity; however, the research work reported in References and gives a maximum of eight beams with increased numbers of active elements and patches. The maximum gain achieved by this antenna is 10.7 and 9.8 dBi at 2.4‐ and 3.5‐GHz band, respectively; however, the maximum gain reported in References , , , , and are less than 9 dBi. The design of antennas integrating multiple features, such as high gain, multiband, wide bandwidth, directive radiation, multiple radiation patterns for omnicoverage, low cost, and less complex structure, is of increasing demand for vehicular communication. This antenna satisfies all these requirements by using low‐cost FR4 dielectric material as substrate for reducing manufacturing cost, the multiple radiation patterns are realized from simple multiport excitation technique, high gain is attained by etching dual SR slots at the ground plane with the addition of reflector and hence this antenna is useful for high throughput satellite as well as base station‐enabled data services. …”

“…The antenna employs two capacitively coupled square loops and the work focuses only on directivity enhancement and offers only a low impedance bandwidth in both the operating bands. In References and a dual‐band antenna based on meta‐material is reported for pattern reconfiguration using P‐type,Intrinsic, N‐type (PIN) diodes. However, additional complex reconfiguration structures are used with more number of parasitic elements to realize pattern reconfiguration.…”

Multifunctional Single Layer Metasurface Based on Hexagonal Split Ring Resonator

“…Metasurfaces offer unprecedented opportunities to control and manipulate the amplitude, phase and polarization of electromagnetic waves. Since, the sub wavelength unit cell of the metasurface can be engineered to achieve any desirable functionality; therefore, they have found potential use in many applications such as antenna gain enhancement [1], radar cross section reduction [2], flat lensing [3], beam splitting [4], real-time holograms [5], absorbers [6]- [8], metasurface antennas [9], [10], polarization conversion and chipless radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags [5], [11]- [13]. Owing to its key role in many applications, the polarization control of EM waves has always been of central interest to scientific and engineering community.…”

Design of a compact high gain printed octagonal array of spiral-based fractal antennas for DBS application

“…Mousavi et al [8] designed a low-cost 1K element phased array system for mobile DBS reception. The reason behind using a microstrip antenna [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] is its compactness, less weight, low cost for fabrication, relatively less complicated matching network, and easy interface with microwave devices. Moreover, conventional design of microstrip antennas for Ku band applications [16,18,24,25] suffers from low gain, since the size of the antenna becomes small, which corresponds to lower surface area, that further deteriorates the gain.…”