A Modified Device for Pressurized Planar Electrochromatography and Preliminary Results with On-Line Sample Application

Abstract

Pressurized planar electrochromatography (PPEC) is a separating technique in which an electric field is applied to force the mobile phase movement through a porous media (electroosmotic effect). High separation efficiency, fast separations and changes in separation selectivity in comparison to liquid chromatography, especially thin layer chromatography (planar chromatography, TLC), are features of this technique. Constructional methodological challenges to PPEC are obstacles to its development and application in laboratory practice. In this article, an attempt to overcome the challenges related to device construction and sample application/injection is described. The introduced device enables both prewetting of the adsorbent layer and electrochromatogram development with a single PPEC device. It also enables simultaneous application/injection of six samples on a chromatographic plate in a stream of the mobile phase (on-line application/injection). In addition, the PPEC chamber was equipped with a thermostat. The device is characterized by an impressive throughput in comparison to the other planar technique, TLC/HPTLC. Although the developed device still needs improvement, it is, in our opinion, a considerable step toward possible automation of this planar separation technique.

Separation of 9-Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl Amino Acid Derivatives in Micellar Systems of High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography and Pressurized Planar Electrochromatography

“…As indicated in our results, and in accordance with literature data, the migration distances of the investigated amino acid derivatives are longer in PPEC, than in TLC 19,22–24 . However, after standard deviation and % RDS of results assessment, the above-mentioned technique is less reproducible.…”

“…On comparing separation efficiencies (H) for TLC and PPEC, the latter technique is better. Such behaviour is in accordance with literature data 19,22 .…”

“…capillary electrophoresis), they create sorbents more hydrophobic and/or according to literature, reverse the electroosmotic flow direction 21 . Furthermore, in PPEC, cationic surfactants reduce the flow of the mobile phase 22 . We also found that a system containing CTAB is unable to separate f-moc Met and f-moc Pro, and a mobile phase with CTMA cannot distinguish between f-moc Phe and f-moc Leu.…”

Comparison of Overpressured-Layer Chromatography and High-Performance/High-Pressure Layer Electrochromatography Using the New Prototype Equipment in Various Operational Modes

“…The most PPEC analysis was performed with an offline sample application and offline detection. Only two papers presented PPEC with an online sample application [2,3], but no online detection was reported. All of the PPEC analyses were performed with water-containing mobile phases-either in a normal-or a reversed-phase separation system [4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

Instrument platforms for thin-layer chromatography

“…On the one hand, the experimental arrangement can seem simple, but in practice the development of commercial instruments has been slow and significant operational problems are still in need of a solution. Laboratory-built systems [41,43,44] have demonstrated general progress in what remains a hopeful area for both layer and column chromatography. In both cases acceptance has been elusive due to unanswered experimental difficulties.…”