A modified centrifuge apparatus for extracting soil solution

Aitken, R. L.; Outhwaite, R.J.

doi:10.1080/00103628709367881

Cited by 25 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…seedlings were grown in each section for 48 h. Relative root elongation (RRE) was determined as described by Moody et al (1995). Soil solution was then extracted from each section by centrifuging (Aitken and Outhwaite 1987) and analysed for pH (pHss), electrical conductivity (ECss), Na, K, Ca, Mg, Al, Si, Mn, S, NOT-N, NHZ-N, C1-and orthophosphate by using the procedures and methods described by Moody et al (1995). Citrate-dithionite extractable Fe and A1 (Blakemore et al 1987) were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICPAES).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of banded fertilizers on soil solution composition and short-term root-growth .2. Mono-ammonium and di-ammonium phosphates

Moody¹,

Edwards²,

Bell³

1995

Soil Res.

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A layer of mono-or di-ammonium phosphate (MAP and DAP, respectively) was placed in contact for 5 days with duplicate columns of soil at a water content equivalent to 10 kPa matric suction. This was designed to simulate the effects of banded fertilizer on soil solution composition. Five soils were used: 0-10 cm samples from a Kurosol, a Ferrosol, a Vertosol and a Kandosol, and a 5 M 0 c m sample from the Kandosol. After the contact period, soil sections were recovered at successive 5 mm intervals from the fertilizer layer, the last section being 45-50 mm from the layer. Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) seedlings were grown for 48 h in each section and relative root elongation was determined. Soil solution was then extracted from each section and analysed.The amount of inorganic P in the soil solution (Pi) was summed over all soil sections for each soil and each P source and was found to be correlated with distance of P movement from the simulated band ( r = 0.792, P < 0.01). Of several soil chemical parameters of the control (unfertilized) soils regressed against Pi, the following showed significant ( P = 0.05) negative correlations: Ca and Mg concentrations in the soil solution for Pi from both MAP and DAP, exchangeable Ca and Mg for DAP, and citrate-dithionite extractable Fe and A1 for MAP. These results suggest that adsorption (and possibly precipitation) reactions with Fe and A1 hydrous oxides contributed to the removal of Pi from solution in the presence of MAP. However, with DAP as the fertilizer source, precipitation reactions involving Ca and Mg were the predominant factors. Dissolved organic C in the soil solution increased adjacent to both DAP and MAP, with larger amounts in proximity to DAP being a consequence of the higher soil solution pH (-7). Soil solution Si increased in all soils adjacent to both DAP and MAP, with concentrations being higher in the MAP treatments. Dissolution of aluminosilicates in the acidic conditions near MAP (pHw5) was the probable cause.Relative root elongation (RRE) of soybean was restricted in soil sections close to the fertilizer. When RRE was plotted against each of soil solution EC, NH3 activity, and calcium activity ratio (CAR), a single curvilinear function described the relationship between RRE and CAR for all soils and both P sources. It is concluded that a salt-induced Ca deficiency was the cause of restricted root growth in proximity to DAP and MAP, rather than an osmotic effect or NH3 toxicity.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of banded fertilizers on soil solution composition and short-term root-growth .2. Mono-ammonium and di-ammonium phosphates

Moody¹,

Edwards²,

Bell³

1995

Soil Res.

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“…The Zn quantity was d e t e r m i n e d f r o m the a m o u n t of Zn e x t r a c t e d f r o m soil by D T P A (Lindsay and Norvell, 1978), and the Zn intensity was determined as the total Zn concentration in soil s o l u t i o n o b t a i n e d by a c e n t r i f u g a t i o n procedure (Aitken and Outhwaite, 1987). The rate of Zn d e s o r p t i o n was d e t e r m i n e d f r o m D T P A -e x t r a c t a b l e Zn d e s o r b e d f r o m soil during extraction periods from 1 min to 256 h. They were adequately described by the twoc o n s t a n t rate e q u a t i o n ( B a n g h a m and Burt, 1924): q = at b, w h e r e a is the initial Zn d e s o r p t i o n rate, b is the Zn d e s o r p t i o n rate c o e f f i c i e n t and q is the q u a n t i t y of soil Zn extracted by DTPA (mg Zn kg ] soil) at time t (sec).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding zinc reactions in vertisols to predict zinc responses by wheat

Dang

Dalal²,

Edwards

et al. 1993

Plant Soil

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Since Zn availability to plants growing in a soil is governed by quantity, intensity, buffer power, rate of Zn desorption and diffusion, an improved understanding of a number of these factors in Vertisols would facilitate a more reliable prediction of crop requirements for Zn. The DTPA-extractable Zn, a quantity factor, together with initial Zn desorption rate coefficients, accounted for 80% of the variation in relative dry matter yield of wheat grown to anthesis. In combination with these factors, desorption (buffer) power explained 92% of the variation in Zn concentration in the young mature leaf blade (YMB) of wheat. Thus, the combination of the quantity, rate of Zn desorption and buffer power better predict growth responses of wheat to applied Zn in Vertisols than the commonly-used single extraction with DTPA alone (quantity), which provides only a static measure of Zn availability.

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“…Soil solutions were extracted according to the method of Aitken and Outhwaite (1987), and pH, E.C., A1 and water soluble low molecular weight organic acids were determined in the soil solution after filtration through a 0.22 #M filter. Soil solutions were extracted according to the method of Aitken and Outhwaite (1987), and pH, E.C., A1 and water soluble low molecular weight organic acids were determined in the soil solution after filtration through a 0.22 #M filter.…”

Section: Soil M E a S U R E M E N T Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between soil solution aluminium and low molecular weight organic acids in a conservation cropping system

Slattery¹,

Morrison²

1995

Plant Soil

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Soil solution and solid phase analyses were compared for stubble standing and stubble burnt systems on an acid, acidified and limed Alfisol in north-eastern Victoria. Exchangeable (1 M KCI) aluminium (A1), soil solution total and monomeric A1, pH (water) and soil solution pH were measured to identify any differences in soil acidification between the stubble burnt and the stubble standing treatments. All measures of A1 increased with soil depth down to 10 cm in all stubble treatments and decreased in the 10-20 cm soil depth with the exception of lime treatments. Concentrations of low molecular weight organic acids in the soil solution were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Aromatic and aliphatic acids were distributed throughout the soil depth (0-20 cm) for the stubble standing treatments but were confined to the 0-5 cm soil depth for the stubble burnt treatment. In this short term field trial (2 years for stubble management), the data suggest that the conventional practice of stubble burning was more acidifying than the soil conservation practice of stubble standing, over the 0-20 cm soil depth for the lime (6 t ha-1) treatments.

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A modified centrifuge apparatus for extracting soil solution

Cited by 25 publications

References 5 publications

Effect of banded fertilizers on soil solution composition and short-term root-growth .2. Mono-ammonium and di-ammonium phosphates

Effect of banded fertilizers on soil solution composition and short-term root-growth .2. Mono-ammonium and di-ammonium phosphates

Understanding zinc reactions in vertisols to predict zinc responses by wheat

Relationship between soil solution aluminium and low molecular weight organic acids in a conservation cropping system

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