“…When the data are represented using an ontological framework, an ontological similarity measure is used. The research works with input data Imran et al (2016), , Venkatesh and Sathyalakshmi (2020), Murad et al (2020), Vanitha and Krishnan (2019) Jaccard Coefficient Senthilnayaki et al (2015), Niu (2018), and Cosine Similarity Albatayneh et al (2018), , Tarus et al (2017), Wan and Niu (2018), Nafea et al (2019), Bourkoukou et al (2017), Joy et al (2019, Venkatesh and Sathyalakshmi (2020), and Riyahi and Sohrabi (2020) Ontological Similarity Saleena and Srivatsa (2015) Pearson Correlation Coefficient Tarus et al, (2018aTarus et al, ( , 2018b, Nafea et al (2019), Riyahi andSohrabi (2020), and Learner Parameters-based Similarity Dwivedi et al (2018), as learning style/learner preferences used Pearson Coefficient, Cosine Similarity, Euclidean Distance, or Jaccard Coefficient as the similarity measure.…”