A moderna agricultura no final do século XIX em São Paulo: algumas propostas

Henriques, Amilson Barbosa

doi:10.1590/s0101-90742011000200017

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Likewise, well represented national conditions can still deserve further conservation efforts if those are underrepresented in neighboring countries. This can be the case of the well-protected subhumid highlands in Argentina vs. the situation in Brazil and Paraguay (Atlantic forest ecoregion) (Huang et al, 2009; Henriques, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nature representation in South American protected areas: country contrasts and conservation priorities

Baldi

Schauman

Texeira

et al. 2019

PeerJ

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Background South America faces strong environmental pressures as a result of agriculture and infrastructure expansion and also of demographic growth, demanding immediate action to preserve natural assets by establishing protected areas. Currently, 7.1% of the (sub)continent is under strict conservation categories (I to IV, IUCN), but the spatial distribution of these 1.3 × 106 km2 is poorly understood. We evaluated the representation of nature within the networks of protected areas, map conservation priorities and assess demographic, economic or geopolitical causes of existing protection patterns. Methods We characterized nature representation by looking at two components: the extent and the equality of protection. The first refers to the fraction of territory under protection, while the second refers to the homogeneity in the distribution along natural conditions of this protected fraction. We characterized natural conditions by either 113 biogeographical units (specifically, ecoregions) or a series of limited and significant climatic, topographic and edaphic traits. We analyzed representation every ten years since 1960 at national and continental levels. In the physical approach, histograms allowed us to map the degree of conservation priorities. Finally, we ranked the importance of different economic or geopolitical variables driving the observed distributions with a random forest technique. Results Nature representation varied across countries in spite of its priority in conservation agendas. In Brazil, Peru and Argentina there are still natural conditions with no formal protection, while in Bolivia and Venezuela, protected areas incorporate the natural diversity in a more balanced manner. As protected networks have increased their extent, so did their equality across and within countries over time. Our maps revealed as top continental priorities the southern temperate, subhumid and fertile lowland environments, and other country-specific areas. Protection extent was generally driven by a low population density and isolation, while other variables like distance to frontiers, were relevant only locally (e.g., in Argentina). Discussion Our description of the spatial distribution of protected areas can help societies and governments to improve the allocation of conservation efforts. We identified the main limitations that future conservation efforts will face, as protection was generally driven by the opportunities provided by low population density and isolation. From a methodological perspective, the physical approach reveals new properties of protection and provides tools to explore nature representation at different spatial, temporal and conceptual levels, complementing the traditional ones based on biodiversity or biogeographical attributes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These same restrictions must have faced the promoters of the first protected areas. As an example, the intense use of the territory in the Argentinean and Uruguayan Pampas (Colomé, 2009) or the Brazilian Atlantic forests (Henriques, 2011) precedes the great transformations that took place in the last decades.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature representation in South American protected areas: country contrasts and conservation priorities

Baldi

Schauman

Texeira

et al. 2019

PeerJ

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“…This can be explained partially by the changes in terms of economic production that has occurred in the Western parts of the state. The West of São Paulo was historically characterized by municipalities involved in agricultural economic activities 36,37 , which in turn are highly correlated with infectious diseases 38 . At the turn of XXI century, these areas moved away from the traditional agriculture in exchange for modern agro-industry, and the production of commodities to exportation 39 .…”

Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A spatio-temporal analysis of cause-specific mortality in São Paulo State, Brazil

Gayawan

Lima

2022

Ciênc. saúde coletiva

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Using five cause-specific mortality data sourced by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, and over 17 years period, we applied Bayesian spatio-temporal models on 644 municipalities of the state of São Paulo, using logistic model to the binary outcome that specifies whether or not the death was from a specific cause. We modeled the temporal mortality effects using B-splines, while the spatial components were considered through Gaussian and Markov random field, and inference was based on Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation. The results demonstrate consistent downward trend in mortality from infectious and parasitic diseases and external causes, while those from neoplasms and respiratory are rising. Cardiovascular is the only cause-specific death that is kept constant in time. All the causes of death considered show heterogeneous spatial and temporal variations among the municipalities, which sometimes change considerably within successive years. Mortality from infectious diseases clustered around the Northwestern municipalities in 2000, but changes to the Southeastern part in 2016, a similar development as external death causes. The study identifies areas with increased and decreased odds mortality and could be useful in disease monitoring, especially if we consider small spatial units.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…These same restrictions must have faced the promoters of the first protected areas. As an example, the intense use of the territory in the Argentinean and Uruguayan Pampas (Colomé 2009) or the Brazilian Atlantic forests (Henriques 2011) precedes the great transformations that took place in the last decades. We should acknowledge that the role of additional protected areas not considered in our analysis may greatly alter results ( Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature representativeness in South American protected areas: Country contrasts and conservation priorities

Baldi

Schauman

Texeira

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Background. South America faces strong environmental transformations due to agriculture and infrastructure expansion and due to demographic growth, demanding immediate action to preserve natural assets by means of the deployment of protected areas. Currently, 7.1% of the (sub)continent is under strict conservation categories (I to IV, IUCN), but the spatial distribution of these 1.3 x 10 6 km 2 is poorly understood. We evaluate protected area representativeness, map conservation priorities and assess demographic, productive or geopolitical causes of the existing protection spatial patterns using a random forest method. Methods. We characterized representativeness by two dimensions: the extent and the equality of protection. The first refers to the fraction of a territory under protection, while the second refers to the spatial distribution of this protection along natural conditions. We characterized natural conditions by 113 biogeographical units (specifically, ecoregions) and a series of limited and significant climatic, topographic and edaphic traits. We analyzed representativeness every ten years since 1960 at national and continental levels. In the physical approach, histograms allowed us to map the degree of conservation priorities. Finally, we ranked the importance of different

show abstract

A moderna agricultura no final do século XIX em São Paulo: algumas propostas

Cited by 7 publications

References 3 publications

Nature representation in South American protected areas: country contrasts and conservation priorities

Nature representation in South American protected areas: country contrasts and conservation priorities

A spatio-temporal analysis of cause-specific mortality in São Paulo State, Brazil

Nature representativeness in South American protected areas: Country contrasts and conservation priorities

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