A moderate threonine deficiency differently affects protein metabolism in tissues of early-weaned piglets

Hamard, A.; Sève, Bernard; Floc'H, Nathalie Le

doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.12.002

Cited by 32 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The deficient TSAA supply resulted in an increased Met content in liver protein, but a reduced Cys content in RM, distal jejunum and ileum. Our observations for the intestines are in contrast with those of Ebner et al (1994) and Hamard et al (2009), who reported that the composition of the intestines was relatively resistant to protein and AA deficiencies. However, the latter studies lasted for a relatively short period (2 weeks) with a moderate AA deficiency.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

The amino acid composition of tissue protein is affected by the total sulfur amino acid supply in growing pigs

Conde-Aguilera

Cobo-Ortega

Mercier³

et al. 2014

Animal

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The factorial approach to assess the amino acid (AA) requirements of pigs is based on the assumption that the AA composition of body protein is constant. However, there are indications that this assumption may not be valid because the AA composition of body protein can be affected by the AA supply. The extent to which different tissues are affected by an AA deficiency is unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of feeding pig diets with a deficient or sufficient total sulfur AA supply (TSAA; Met + Cys) from 6 to 23 weeks of age on tissue composition and meat quality. The deficient diet (TSAA-) provided 24% Met : Lys and 51% TSAA : Lys on a standardized ileal digestible basis, which are 19% and 16% below the recommended requirements, respectively. The sufficient diet (TSAA + ) provided 33% Met : Lys and 60% TSAA : Lys. Diets were offered slightly below the ad libitum feed intake capacity of the pigs. Pigs offered diet TSAA-had a lower average daily gain, lower weights of the longissimus dorsi (LM) and rhomboideus muscles (RM), and of selected skin sections (P < 0.05). The weight of different sections of the small intestine and the liver was not affected by the diet. The protein content of the LM and RM decreased in pigs offered diet TSAA-(P < 0.05), whereas the protein content of other tissues was not affected. The TSAA supply affected the AA composition (g/16 g N) of protein in all tissues, but the Met content was changed only in the liver (P < 0.05). Pigs receiving diet TSAA-had a lower Cys content in the RM and in the distal jejunum and ileum (P < 0.01). The deficient TSAA supply resulted in a lower carcass weight and higher muscle glycogen stores (P < 0.05), but did not affect other meat quality traits. The results of this study indicate that the muscles, jejunum and ileum respond more to a prolonged AA deficiency than the liver. In addition, the observed changes in AA composition of tissue protein question the use of a constant AA profile of retained protein to assess AA requirements.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

The amino acid composition of tissue protein is affected by the total sulfur amino acid supply in growing pigs

Conde-Aguilera

Cobo-Ortega

Mercier³

et al. 2014

Animal

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“…Similar results were observed in piglets fed a diet marginally deficient in Thr (Hamard et al, 2009), although the structure of the mucosa (i.e. intestinal villus height and crypt width) was affected in these piglets (Hamard et al, 2007).…”

supporting

confidence: 82%

A sulfur amino acid deficiency changes the amino acid composition of body protein in piglets

Conde-Aguilera

Barea

Floc'H

et al. 2010

Animal

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Experiments carried out to determine the amino acid requirement in growing animals are often based on the premise that the amino acid composition of body protein is constant. However, there are indications that this assumption may not be correct. The objective of this study was to test the effect of feeding piglets a diet deficient or not in total sulfur amino acids (TSAA; Met 1 Cys) on nitrogen retention and amino acid composition of proteins in different body compartments. Six blocks of three pigs each were used in a combined comparative slaughter and nitrogen balance study. One piglet in each block was slaughtered at 42 days of age, whereas the other piglets received a diet deficient or not in TSAA for 19 days and were slaughtered thereafter. Two diets were formulated to provide either 0.20% Met and 0.45% TSAA (on a standardized ileal digestible basis) or 0.46% Met and 0.70% TSAA. Diets were offered approximately 25% below ad libitum intake. At slaughter, the whole animal was divided into carcass, blood, intestines, liver, and the combined head, tail, feet and other organs (HFTO), which were analyzed for nitrogen and amino acid contents. Samples of the longissimus muscle (LM) were analyzed for myosin heavy chain (MyHC) and actin contents. Nitrogen retention was 20% lower in piglets receiving the TSAA-deficient diet (P , 0.01). In these piglets, the nitrogen content in tissue gain was lower in the empty body, carcass, LM and blood (P , 0.05) or tended to be lower in HFTO (P , 0.10), but was not different in the intestines and liver. The Met content in retained protein was lower in the empty body, LM and blood (P , 0.05), and tended to be lower in the carcass (P , 0.10). The Cys content was lower in LM, but higher in blood of piglets receiving the TSAA-deficient diet (P , 0.05). Skeletal muscle appeared to be affected most by the TSAA deficiency. In LM, the Met content in retained protein was reduced by 12% and total Met retention by more than 60%. The MyHC and actin contents in LM were not affected by the TSAA content of the diet. These results show that a deficient TSAA supply affects the amino acid composition of different body proteins. This questions the use of a constant ideal amino acid profile to express dietary amino acid requirements, but also illustrates the plasticity of the animal to cope with nutritional challenges.

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“…In rats or pigs fed a Villous atrophy in the ileum, no effect on protein metabolism in the small intestine, reduced amino acid and protein content in the liver, increased paracellular permeability in the ileum, alterations in gene expression of genes related to paracellular permeability threonine-deficient diet, a consistent finding was a reduced synthesis of mucins in the gut (142)(143)(144)(145)(146)(147). In addition, increased gut permeability was observed in piglets fed a diet with moderate threonine restriction (146).…”

Section: Limitation Of Essential Amino Acids and Growth In Animal Modelssupporting

confidence: 57%

Perspective: The Potential Role of Essential Amino Acids and the Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Child Stunting

Semba

Trehan

González-Freire

et al. 2016

Advances in Nutrition

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Stunting is the best summary measure of chronic malnutrition in children. Approximately one-quarter of children under age 5 worldwide are stunted. Lipid-based or micronutrient supplementation has little to no impact in reducing stunting, which suggests that other critical dietary nutrients are missing. A dietary pattern of poor-quality protein is associated with stunting. Stunted children have significantly lower circulating essential amino acids than do nonstunted children. Inadequate dietary intakes of essential amino acids could adversely affect growth, because amino acids are required for synthesis of proteins. The master growth regulation pathway, the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway, is exquisitely sensitive to amino acid availability. mTORC1 integrates cues such as nutrients, growth factors, oxygen, and energy to regulate growth of bone, skeletal muscle, nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, hematopoietic cells, immune effector cells, organ size, and whole-body energy balance. mTORC1 represses protein and lipid synthesis and cell and organismal growth when amino acids are deficient. Over the past 4 decades, the main paradigm for child nutrition in developing countries has been micronutrient malnutrition, with relatively less attention paid to protein. In this Perspective, we present the view that essential amino acids and the mTORC1 pathway play a key role in child growth. The current assumption that total dietary protein intake is adequate for growth among most children in developing countries needs reevaluation. Adv Nutr 2016;7:853-65.

show abstract

A moderate threonine deficiency differently affects protein metabolism in tissues of early-weaned piglets

Cited by 32 publications

References 27 publications

The amino acid composition of tissue protein is affected by the total sulfur amino acid supply in growing pigs

The amino acid composition of tissue protein is affected by the total sulfur amino acid supply in growing pigs

A sulfur amino acid deficiency changes the amino acid composition of body protein in piglets

Perspective: The Potential Role of Essential Amino Acids and the Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Child Stunting

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