A modelling system for predicting urban air pollution: model description and applications in the Helsinki metropolitan area

Karppinen, Ari; Kukkonen, Jaakko; Elolähde, T.; Konttinen, M.; Koskentalo, Tarja; Rantakrans, E.

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(00)00074-1

Cited by 103 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…These models have been addressed in detail by, e.g. Karppinen et al (2000a) and Kukkonen et al (2001). Both of these models are multiplesource Gaussian urban dispersion models.…”

Section: Dispersion Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refinement of a model for evaluating the population exposure in an urban area

et al. 2014

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Abstract. A mathematical model is presented for the determination of human exposure to ambient air pollution in an urban area; the model is a refined version of a previously developed mathematical model EXPAND (EXposure model for Particulate matter And Nitrogen oxiDes). The model combines predicted concentrations, information on people's activities and location of the population to evaluate the spatial and temporal variation of average exposure of the urban population to ambient air pollution in different microenvironments. The revisions of the modelling system containing the EXPAND model include improvements of the associated urban emission and dispersion modelling system, an improved treatment of the time use of population, and better treatment for the infiltration coefficients from outdoor to indoor air. The revised model version can also be used for estimating intake fractions for various pollutants, source categories and population subgroups. We present numerical results on annual spatial concentration, time activity and population exposures to PM 2.5 in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area and Helsinki for 2008 and 2009, respectively. Approximately 60 % of the total exposure occurred at home, 17 % at work, 4 % in traffic and 19 % in other microenvironments in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area. The population exposure originating from the long-range transported background concentrations was responsible for a major fraction, 86 %, of the total exposure in Helsinki. The largest local contributors were vehicular emissions (12 %) and shipping (2 %).

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“…These models have been addressed in detail by, e.g. Karppinen et al (2000a) and Kukkonen et al (2001). Both of these models are multiplesource Gaussian urban dispersion models.…”

Section: Dispersion Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refinement of a model for evaluating the population exposure in an urban area

et al. 2014

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“…Modeling of air emissions is used to assess the distribution of pollutants in the environment or for forecasting emissions in different climatic conditions in the region (27,32). By predicting the distribution and the spread of contamination, the method and rate of impact of production pollutant resources on the receiving environment can also be predicted (27,33,34).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies of the models of air emissions are done in an attempt to obtain useful information for the future implementation of air pollution control strategies (33,34). In recent decades, air quality models have been widely used and are formed based on calculations done by computer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dispersion Modeling of Nitrogen Dioxide in Ambient Air of Ahvaz City

et al. 2016

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Background: Air emission modeling is used to study how pollutants are spread in the environment and to forecast their emissions rate in different climatic conditions in the study area. Today, air pollution threatens human public health and the environment, and Ahvaz is considered one of the main centers of air pollution in Iran. Objectives: This aim of this study was to evaluate the nitrogen dioxide distribution in Ahvaz by using the software program Screen 3. Materials and Methods: This analytical study was conducted in 2013 in Ahvaz. Data collections were performed by the Ahvaz Department of Environment. After processing the data received (averaging instruction set, coding), the file was converted to an input file for the software program Screen 3. In the next phase, study of the distribution and release of nitrogen dioxide during the year 2013 was modeled using the Screen 3 software. Results: Based on the results of this study, the highest and the lowest nitrogen dioxide concentration were in the Bureau of Meteorology and Head office of ADoE stations, respectively. The maximum concentration of NO 2 , at a height of 45 m, was 20 μg/m 3 .According to the findings of the modeling, examination of the combustion process was observed, and this was caused by the amount of nitrogen dioxide emitted by flue outlets, which was affected by temperature and pressure, fuel flow rates and inlet air temperature. Also, results showed that in most cases emission of air pollutants was towards the southwest. Conclusions: Results of this study showed that the Screen3 software is one of the popular models for estimating the distribution of air pollutants. Nitrogen dioxide emissions are highly regulated in most industrialized regions. Decreased emissions from fuel combustion, the use of scrubbers and filters that absorb pollution can be very useful for reduction and control of nitrogen dioxide emissions.

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“…One of the key assumptions of the Gaussian plume model is that over short periods of time (such as a few hours), steady-state conditions exist with regard to air pollutant emissions and meteorological changes. Air pollution is typically represented by an idealized plume coming from the top of a stack of some height and diameter (Karppinen et al, 2000;Sykes et al, 1986;Tuner, 1971). Occasionally, this model will be applied to non-point source emitters, such as exhaust from automobiles in an urban area.…”

Section: Spatial Variation Of Wood Smokementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Near-Field Outdoor Concentration Variability From Residential Wood Smoke Combustion Sources

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A modelling system for predicting urban air pollution: model description and applications in the Helsinki metropolitan area

Cited by 103 publications

References 10 publications

Refinement of a model for evaluating the population exposure in an urban area

Refinement of a model for evaluating the population exposure in an urban area

Dispersion Modeling of Nitrogen Dioxide in Ambient Air of Ahvaz City

Assessing Near-Field Outdoor Concentration Variability From Residential Wood Smoke Combustion Sources

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